• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
许建, 贾凯, 朱君芳, 胡梅, 王娜, 高杰. 氮硫互作提高大蒜氮、硫含量及其关键同化酶活性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 434-443. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16239
引用本文: 许建, 贾凯, 朱君芳, 胡梅, 王娜, 高杰. 氮硫互作提高大蒜氮、硫含量及其关键同化酶活性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 434-443. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16239
XU Jian, JIA Kai, ZHU Jun-fang, HU Mei, WANG Na, GAO Jie. Nitrogen and sulfur interaction increase their assimilation and activities of key enzymes in garlic[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 434-443. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16239
Citation: XU Jian, JIA Kai, ZHU Jun-fang, HU Mei, WANG Na, GAO Jie. Nitrogen and sulfur interaction increase their assimilation and activities of key enzymes in garlic[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 434-443. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16239

氮硫互作提高大蒜氮、硫含量及其关键同化酶活性

Nitrogen and sulfur interaction increase their assimilation and activities of key enzymes in garlic

  • 摘要:
    目的 从生理学角度研究氮、硫两种营养元素配施对大蒜氮硫关键同化酶的影响,揭示氮硫关键同化酶与植株氮、硫同化能力的关系,以期为大蒜合理施肥与提质增效提供理论参考。
    方法 采用蛭石–珍珠岩盆栽方式,研究了不同浓度氮 (5、10、20 mmol/L)、硫 (2、4、8 mmol/L) 配施条件下,大蒜在幼苗期、花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期和中期大蒜植株氮、硫含量,以及氮、硫关键同化酶活性的动态变化。
    结果 大蒜植株氮含量总体呈上升趋势,在鳞茎膨大期达到最高水平,而硝酸还原酶 (NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 活性变化呈先上升后下降趋势,在花茎伸长期至鳞茎膨大初期活性较高。硫含量总体呈先上升后平稳趋势,ATP-硫酸化酶 (ATPS) 活性在花茎伸长期达到最大值,而半胱氨酸合成酶 (OAS-TL) 活性则呈先下降后上升趋势,在花茎伸长期酶活性总体最低。鳞茎膨大期前,氮硫交互作用对氮、硫同化量有影响显著,而单因素影响不明显;鳞茎膨大期,单因素影响明显。硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性整体呈先升高后降低趋势。氮素对于 NR 活性影响显著,而对 GS 影响不显著;硫素仅在花茎伸长期和鳞茎膨大初期对NR活性有显著影响,而氮硫交互作用对 NR、GS 均有显著或极显著影响。氮素、硫素对 ATP-硫酸化酶、半胱氨酸合成酶活性无显著影响,而氮硫交互作用对其影响极显著。NR 活性在花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期与植株氮呈显著正相关关系,ATPS 活性在花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期与植株硫含量呈显著正相关关系,Pearson 系数分别为 0.690、0.847 和 0.662、0.816。鳞茎膨大初期和中期,GS 活性与氮含量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为 –0.857、–0.693。OAS-TL 活性与硫含量整体呈负相关,而在鳞茎膨大初期为 0.646,呈显著正相关。
    结论 大蒜生长过程中,氮、硫两元素间存在互作关系。NR、ATPS 等酶活性的提高增加了植株氮、硫同化能力,而 GS 则通过降低酶活性而促进氮的同化。在大蒜鳞茎膨大期前,氮、硫配施能够通过调控关键同化酶活性而影响氮、硫同化,进而影响植株生长;鳞茎膨大阶段,可以通过单一施肥达到调控大蒜植株氮或硫含量的目的。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Researching physiological effects of nitrogen and sulfur application on related enzymes activities involved their assimilation will provide theoretical reference for garlic fertilization and improving product quality.
    Methods A pot experiment using perlite and vermiculite as cultural substrate was performed. Two factors and three levels of the complete design were included. N was applied in levels of 5, 10 and 20 mmol/L and S in levels of 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L. Leaves and plants were sampled at the seedling stage, stem elongation stage, and bulb expansion preliminary and middle stages.
    Results The nitrogen content of garlic was on the rise, and achieved the highest level at the bulb expansion stage. The nitrate reduction (NR) activity and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were increased at first and then dropped later, and the enzymatic activities were higher from the stem elongation stage to bulb expansion preliminary stage. The sulfur content of garlic showed a trend of rise and then steady. At the stem elongation stage, the ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) activity reached its maximum value, while O-acetylserine thiollyase (OAS-TL) activity tended to rise after declining and reached its minimum level at the stem elongation stage. The nitrogen and sulfur interaction affected the N and S assimilation significantly before the bulb expansion stage, compared with the N or S alone. On the contrary, single factor effect was obvious at all the growth stages. The NR and GS activities showed increased first and then decreased in the development of garlic. N affected NR activity significantly. S affected NR activity significantly just at stem elongation stage and bulb expansion preliminary stage, while there was a significant interaction between N and S for NR and GS. The activities of key enzymes involved nitrogen and sulfur metabolism showed a minor impact with the N or S single fertilizer, but extremely significant with the N and S interaction. There were significantly positive correlations between the NR activities and N contents at the stem elongation stage and bulb expansion early stage and the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.690 and 0.847, respectively, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between ATPS activities and S contents were 0.662 and 0.816. At the bulb expansion early and middle stages, the GS activities and N contents existed negative correlations, and the Pearson correlation coefficients were –0.857 and –0.693, respectively. The negative correlation was observed as a whole between the OAS-TL activity and S content, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.646 at the bulb expansion early stage.
    Conclusions There is an interaction relationship between nitrogen and sulfur at growth stages of garlic. With the increase of activities of NR and ATPS, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation ability of garlic plant is promoted. On the contrary, GS accelerates nitrogen assimilation when the enzyme activity tends to decrease. Under the combined application of N and S, the nitrogen and sulfur assimilation is regulated by key enzymes before the bulb expansion stage, and the plant growth is stimulated. At the bulb expansion stage, the single application of nitrogen or sulfur fertilizer can affect the nitrogen or sulfur contents in garlic plants.

     

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