不同种植年限黄瓜温室土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的比较

张雪艳; 张亚萍; 许帆; 田兴武; 刘馨; 祁娟霞; 李建设

doi:10.11674/zwyf.16246

不同种植年限黄瓜温室土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的比较

Comparison of soil nematodes community structure and diversity in cucumber greenhouses in different cultivation years

摘要

摘要:
目的针对土壤连作障碍问题，以土壤线虫群落结构和多样性为研究重点，分析不同种植年限土壤生态系统间的差异，进而探讨不同种植年限温室土壤的健康状况。
方法采集 8 年、10 年、13 年和 16 年温室黄瓜土壤，以1年露地土壤为对照，采用线虫形态学鉴定方法，分析不同种植年限土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的变化规律。
结果不同种植年限共观测到土壤线虫属 21 个，全部为优势属和常见属；线虫总数和植物寄生线虫数量在不同种植年限的分布依次为 10 年 > 16 年 > 13 年 > 8 年 > 1 年，线虫总数种植年限之间差异显著，范围为每 100 g 干土 61～437 条；线虫群落生态指数对种植年限有不同的响应，土壤线虫群落多样性指数 H′ 在不同种植年限土壤中的分布为 16 年 > 13 年 > 1 年 > 8 年 > 10 年，均匀度指数 J 为 13 年 > 16 年 > 1 年 > 8 年 > 10 年，而优势度指数 λ 的分布则为 10 年 > 16 年 > 13 年 > 8 年 > 1 年，5 种不同种植年限土壤的 NCR 指数在 0.6～9.8 之间，WI 分布为 1 年 > 8 年 > 13 年 > 16 年 > 10 年；线虫成熟指数 MI 在种植 16 年的温室土壤中最小，相反 PPI/MI 值则在种植 16 年的土壤中最大；丰富度指数 SR 随种植年限呈先升高后降低，10 年的最低；线虫区系分布结果显示，除种植 10 年黄瓜土壤的样点落在第 Ⅳ 象限外，其余种植年限黄瓜土壤的样点均落在第 Ⅰ 象限。
结论综合分析得出，连续种植会使土壤变得贫瘠，健康状况变差，受干扰程度变大，种植 10 年土壤线虫多样性、稳定性最差，土壤环境已受胁迫。

Abstract:
ObjectivesAiming at the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacle, this study investigated the soil health status in greenhouses with different cultivation years, based on the community structure and diversity of soil nematode and the difference of soil ecosystems in different cultivation years.
MethodsSoil samples were collected in greenhouses which were continuous used for cultivation of cucumber for 8, 10, 13 and 16 years, and a control soil sample was collected in an open field nearby, in which only one season of cucumber was produced. The community structure and diversity of soil nematode were analyzed using the morphological identification method.
ResultsThere were 21 nematode genera detected in all the samples. Both the total nematode and plant-parasite nematode numbers per 100 g of dry soil were in order of 10 a > 16 a > 13 a > 8 a and 1 a, and the total nematode number were significantly different among cultivation years, ranging from 61 to 437 per 100 g dry soil. The nematode ecological indices responded differently to cultivation years. The Shannon index (H′) was in order of 16 a > 13 a > 1 a > 8 a > 10 a, while the evenness index (J) was in order of 13 a > 16 a > 1 a > 8 a > 10 a. The dominance index (λ) was in the order of 10 a > 16 a > 13 a > 8 a > 1 a. However, the Wasilewska index (WI) was in a reverse trend. For all soils the nematode channel ratio (NCR) was higher than 0.5, ranging from 0.6 to 9.8. The lowest nematode maturity index was found in the 16 year-soil, resulting in the highest PPI/MI ratio. The richness index (SR) increased firstly, then decreased gradually and finally bottomed at the lowest value in the 10-year soil. The nematode in the 10-year soil distributed in the IV quadrant, while the others distributed in the I quadrant.
ConclusionsThe soil in the 1-year open field is low in nematode number, showing a stable soil ecosystem. Continuous cropping leads to accumulation of nematode in number but decrease in nematode genera, the soil micro community becomes poor in health and unstable. The worst nematode diversity and stability are appeared in the 10-year soil in the tested condition.

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