• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
孙国峰, 盛婧, 张丽萍, 周炜, 陈留根, 郑建初. 基于稻麦轮作农田土壤锌累积的猪粪安全施用量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 174-180. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16257
引用本文: 孙国峰, 盛婧, 张丽萍, 周炜, 陈留根, 郑建初. 基于稻麦轮作农田土壤锌累积的猪粪安全施用量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 174-180. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16257
SUN Guo-feng, SHENG Jing, ZHANG Li-ping, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Liu-gen, ZHENG Jian-chu. Safety dosage of pig manure based on zinc accumulation in rice and wheat rotated farmland[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1): 174-180. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16257
Citation: SUN Guo-feng, SHENG Jing, ZHANG Li-ping, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Liu-gen, ZHENG Jian-chu. Safety dosage of pig manure based on zinc accumulation in rice and wheat rotated farmland[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1): 174-180. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16257

基于稻麦轮作农田土壤锌累积的猪粪安全施用量

Safety dosage of pig manure based on zinc accumulation in rice and wheat rotated farmland

  • 摘要:
    目的 针对江苏省规模养殖废弃物超排,严重引起环境污染且资源大量浪费的突出问题,开展了稻麦农田猪粪有机肥替代化肥后耕层土壤重金属Zn的变化特征研究,并基于耕层土壤Zn累积速率探讨了猪粪有机肥安全施用量,为规模养猪场有机肥安全利用技术推广提供科学依据。
    方法 采用田间定位试验方法,根据稻麦两熟制农田猪粪有机肥用量,设对照(CK)、化肥(CF)、25%猪粪+75%化肥(25% PM)、50%猪粪+50%化肥(50% PM)、75%猪粪+25%化肥(75% PM)、100%猪粪(100% PM)、125%猪粪(125% PM)和200%猪粪(200% PM),共8个处理,每个处理3次重复。在2013和2014年水稻收获期,分0-10 cm和10-20 cm两个土层采集5点混合土壤样品。采用HF-HNO3-HClO4消煮和DTPA浸提-原子吸收分光光度法分别测定土壤总Zn和有效态Zn含量,分析不同量猪粪有机肥施用后土壤总Zn和有效态Zn的变化特征和累积速率。根据农业安全生产二级标准,结合不同猪粪有机肥施用量的耕层土壤总Zn年累积速率,分析稻麦农田猪粪有机肥可安全施用年限。
    结果 稻麦农田猪粪有机肥施用后第3、4年水稻收获期,0-10 cm和10-20 cm土层总Zn和有效态Zn含量,以及总Zn和有效态Zn的累积速率,均随着猪粪有机肥施用比例提高呈线性增加趋势。2014年水稻收获期,不同猪粪有机肥处理耕层0-10 cm土壤总Zn和有效态Zn含量的变化范围分别为91.1~236.5和8.9~49.4 mg/kg,年累积速率变化范围分别为6.6~42.9和1.9~2.0 mg/(kg·a),即耕层土壤年累积的有效态Zn含量占总Zn含量的比例为28.0%~31.3%。由耕层0-10 cm土壤总Zn的年累积速率可知,稻麦农田猪粪有机肥可安全施用年限随着猪粪有机肥施用比例提高呈现乘幂方程的降低趋势。在农业安全生产二级标准内50年尺度上猪粪有机肥氮替代比例为11.1%~12.5%,20年尺度上猪粪有机肥氮替代比例为33.6%~35.5%。
    结论 猪粪有机肥连续施用后,稻麦两熟农田耕层土壤Zn存在累积效应,并随着猪粪有机肥施用量增加呈线性增强的趋势。基于该定位试验的耕层土壤总Zn累积速率,建议短期猪粪有机肥氮替代率不超过35%,中长期猪粪有机肥氮替代率不超过12.5%。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives In order to solve the outstanding problem of waste ultra-discharge by scale aquaculture in Jiangsu province, which caused serious environmental pollution and massive waste of nutrient resources, the characteristic changes of heavy metal zinc of soil were studied after chemical fertilizer replaced by pig manure, in addition, pig manure application amount of security was discussed based on tilth soil zinc accumulation rate. The results will provide theoretical basis for popularization and application of pig manure security technique in the scale pig farms.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted with different dosages of pig manure on rice and wheat rotated farmland. Eight treatments were designed:control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), 25% pig manure and 75% chemical fertilizer (25% PM), 50% pig manure and 50% chemical fertilizer (50% PM), 75% pig manure and 25% chemical fertilizer (75% PM), 100% pig manure (100% PM), 125% pig manure (125% PM), 200% pig manure (200% PM), and each treatment was repeated three times. Soil samples were taken in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in the rice harvest period in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The contents of total and available zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after HF-HNO3-HClO4heating digestion method and DTPA extraction method respectively to analyze the characteristic changes and accumulation rate of total and available zinc under different dosage of pig manure. The analysis of the safety application age limit of pig manure application was according to the secondary standard of agricultural safety production combined with the total zinc annual accumulation rate of different dosages of pig manure in the 0-10 cm soil layer.
    Results The content and accumulation rate of total and effective zinc showed a linearly increase with the increased application ratio of pig manure in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers on rice harvest during the first 3-4 years. The contents of total and effective zinc were 91.1-236.5 and 8.9-49.4 mg/kg, and the accumulation rate of total and effective zinc were 6.6-42.9 and 1.9-12.0 mg/(kg·a) in the 0-10 cm soil layer under different pig manure treatments in 2014, respectively. The percentage of accumulation content of effective zinc varied from 28.0% to 31.3% of accumulation content of total zinc in the arable soil layer. By accumulation rate of total zinc, the safety application dosage limit of pig manure showed a decreasing trend of power equation with the increased application ratio of pig manure in the 0-10 cm soil layer. The replacement ratios of pig manure nitrogen were 11.1%-12.5% in 50 years scale, and 33.6%-35.5% in 20 years scale according to the secondary standard of agricultural production.
    Conclusions The cumulative effect of zinc existed due to use of pig manure, and a linearly increasing trend is observed with the increased ratios of pig manure in the arable soil layer on rice and wheat rotated farmland. Based on accumulation rate of soil zinc, it is suggested that the replacement ratios of pig manure nitrogen are less than 35% for short-term use, and within 12.5% for medium-and long-term use in the practical use.

     

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