• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
丁亚会, 肖海强, 王大海, 管恩森, 龙怀玉. 水钾一体化对烤烟钾素吸收及生长的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1238-1248. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16391
引用本文: 丁亚会, 肖海强, 王大海, 管恩森, 龙怀玉. 水钾一体化对烤烟钾素吸收及生长的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1238-1248. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16391
DING Ya-hui, XIAO Hai-qiang, WANG Da-hai, GUAN En-sen, LONG Huai-yu. Effect of potassium fertigation on potassium absorption and growth of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1238-1248. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16391
Citation: DING Ya-hui, XIAO Hai-qiang, WANG Da-hai, GUAN En-sen, LONG Huai-yu. Effect of potassium fertigation on potassium absorption and growth of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1238-1248. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16391

水钾一体化对烤烟钾素吸收及生长的影响

Effect of potassium fertigation on potassium absorption and growth of flue-cured tobacco

  • 摘要:
    目的研究负压灌溉下不同施钾模式对烟株生长发育、钾素吸收速率及水肥利用等方面的影响,探索负压灌溉下适合烤烟生长发育的施钾方式及施钾量,为建立作物水肥高效技术提供参考依据。
    方法选用烤烟NC55为供试品种,在温室中进行盆栽试验。采用–15 kPa负压灌溉,施钾方式包括随水施钾 (W) 和钾肥一次性土壤基施 (S) 两种;施钾量以供试地区推荐施钾量 230 kg/hm2为100%,设置该施钾量的100% (K1)、75% (K2) 和50% (K3) 三个水平;以常规灌溉、不施钾肥为CK,共设置SK1、SK2、SK3、WK2、WK3、CK六个处理。测定了烟草农艺性状、干物质积累量、吸钾速率、钾肥利用率、水分利用效率等指标。
    结果团棵期,SK2、SK3的株高、有效叶数、叶长、叶宽、叶面积等农艺性状指标均高于其他处理,但WK2、WK3、SK2、SK3的干物质积累总量分别为31.16 、29.26 、29.92 和28.37g,根干重分别为12.40 、10.51 、11.91 和10.20 g,叶干重分别为17.05 、17.01 、15.67 和16.12 g,均表现为WK2 > SK2,WK3 > SK3;旺长期, WK2的整株重、茎干重及叶干重均大于其他处理,分别为99.18 、19.18 和 61.29 g;成熟期, 烤烟整株重及叶干重均表现出WK2 > WK3 > SK1 > SK2 > SK3,这些处理的整株重依次为139.27 、132.60 、124.50 、117.36 和110.10 g,叶干重依次为 93.97 、87.35 、80.33 、78.56 和 74.80 g;全生育期的水分利用率同样表现为WK2 > WK3 > SK1 > SK2 > SK3,分别为3.78 、3.54 、3.41 、3.28 和 3.22 g/kg,表明随水施钾的水分利用率要明显高于常规土壤施钾,相同施钾方式下烟株水分利用效率随施钾量减少而降低;全生育期的钾肥利用率表现为WK2 > WK3 > SK2 > SK1 > SK3,分别为43.0%、42.6%、21.9%、20.0%和18.5%,其中WK2较SK2,WK3较SK3的钾素吸收量分别增加53.85 kg/hm2、34.65 kg/hm2,表明随水施钾较常规土壤施钾有利于烟草对钾素的吸收;WK2、WK3较SK2分别高出21.1和20.7个百分点,表明负压灌溉下随水施钾能显著提高烤烟的钾肥利用率;随水施钾模式下烟株整个生育期均能维持相对较高的钾素吸收速率,其最大值出现在旺长-平顶期,且显著高于常规土壤施钾。
    结论“水钾一体”施钾模式虽延缓了烟株团棵期长势形成,但促进了烤烟中后期生长发育、干物质积累和烟叶钾素吸收;明显地提高了水分利用效率和钾肥利用率;在烟株全生育期内均维持了较高的钾素吸收速率,尤其中后期钾素吸收速率明显高于常规施钾方式。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesThe objective of the experiment is to study effects of various potassium application models on growth, potassium absorption rate and water and fertilizer use efficiencies of flue-cured tobacco, to explore an optimum potassium application method and quantity under the negative pressure irrigation, and to provide some references for high efficient water and fertilizer utilization of flue-cured tobacco.
    MethodsA pot experiment was conducted using NC55 as plant material. Taking the recommended potassium application rate of 230 kg/hm2 as 100%, the K application rates of 100% (K1), 75% (K2) and 50% (K3) were set up, and the designed potassium was once basally applied into soil (S) or applied with irrigation under the negative pressure irrigation of –15 kPa respectively. The potassium application methods included fertigation (W) and conventional soil fertilization (S). Taking the optimum dosage of potassium 230 kg/hm2 under the conventional irrigation as 100%, three levels of potassium dosage, named 100% (K1), 75% (K2) and 50% (K3), were set up. The conventional irrigation without fertilization was chosen as CK, six treatments (SK1, SK2, SK3, WK2, WK3 and CK) were set up. The agronomic traits of tobacco were observed, and dry matter accumulation, potassium absorption rate, utilization rate of potash and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined.
    ResultsAt the rosette stage, the plant height, efficient leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and other agronomic character indices of the SK2 and SK3 were higher than those of other treatments. But the total dry matter accumulation amounts of the WK2, WK3, SK2 and SK3 were 31.16, 29.26, 29.92 and 28.37 g respectively, the root dry weights were 12.40, 10.51, 11.91 and 10.20 g respectively, and the leaf dry weights were 17.05, 17.01, 15.67 and 16.12 g respectively, all were in order of WK2 > SK2, WK3 > SK3. At the vigorous growing period, the plant weight, stem biomass and leaf dry weight of the WK2 were 99.18, 19.18 and 61.29 g respectively, which were higher than other treatments. At the mature stage, the whole plant weight and leaf dry weight were in order of WK2 > WK3 > SK1 > SK2 > SK3, the whole plant weights were 139.27, 132.60, 124.50, 117.36 and 110.10 g respectively, the leaf dry weights were 93.97, 87.35, 80.33, 78.56 and 74.80 g respectively. During the whole growth period, the WUE was in order of WK2 > WK3 > SK1 > SK2 > SK3, the WUEs were 3.78, 3.54, 3.41, 3.28 and 3.22 g/kg, respectively, indicating that the WUEs of potassium fertilization with water were higher than the conventional method, and the decrease of the dosages of potassium could reduce the WUEs of tobacco plants under the same method. During the whole growth period, the potash use rates were in order of WK2 > WK3 > SK2 > SK1 > SK3, with the values of 43.0%, 42.6%, 21.9%, 20.0% and 18.5% respectively, the potassium uptake of WK2 was 53.85 kg/hm2 higher than that of SK2, and the potassium uptake of WK3 was 34.65 kg/hm2 higher than that of SK3, showing that potassium fertilization with water was more beneficial to potassium absorption. The potassium utilization rates of WK2 and WK3 were 21.1 and 20.7 percentage points higher than SK2 respectively, indicating that potassium fertilization with water could significantly enhance the potassium absorption and utilization rates under the negative pressure irrigation. The maximum potassium absorption rate was observed at the vigorous growing to top plate period, and the tobacco could maintain relatively larger absorption rate during the whole growth period.
    ConclusionsPotassium fertilization with negative pressure irrigation has obvious priorities in: 1) Delaying agronomic traits of tobacco at rosette stage, but promoting the growth at the vigorous growing stage and mature stage, thus increasing accumulation of dry matter and potassium uptake; 2) Improving water use efficiency and potash utilization rate; 3) Maintaining high potassium uptake rate in the whole growth stages of flue-cured tobacco, especially in the middle and later periods.

     

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