• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
宋大利, 习向银, 黄绍敏, 张水清, 袁秀梅, 黄伏森, 刘阳, 王秀斌. 秸秆生物炭配施氮肥对潮土土壤碳氮含量及作物产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 369-379. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16399
引用本文: 宋大利, 习向银, 黄绍敏, 张水清, 袁秀梅, 黄伏森, 刘阳, 王秀斌. 秸秆生物炭配施氮肥对潮土土壤碳氮含量及作物产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 369-379. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16399
SONG Da-li, XI Xiang-yin, HUANG Shao-min, ZHANG Shui-qing, YUAN Xiu-mei, HUANG Fu-sen, LIU Yang, WANG Xiu-bin. Effects of combined application of straw biochar and nitrogen on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and crop yields in a fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 369-379. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16399
Citation: SONG Da-li, XI Xiang-yin, HUANG Shao-min, ZHANG Shui-qing, YUAN Xiu-mei, HUANG Fu-sen, LIU Yang, WANG Xiu-bin. Effects of combined application of straw biochar and nitrogen on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and crop yields in a fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 369-379. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16399

秸秆生物炭配施氮肥对潮土土壤碳氮含量及作物产量的影响

Effects of combined application of straw biochar and nitrogen on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and crop yields in a fluvo-aquic soil

  • 摘要:
    目的探讨玉米秸秆生物炭配施氮肥对华北潮土区土壤理化特性和作物产量的影响,阐明土壤和植株对生物炭和氮肥施用的响应,旨在为该区域秸秆资源高效利用、培肥土壤及作物增产提供科学依据。
    方法以华北冬小麦–夏玉米轮作区为研究对象,研究玉米秸秆生物炭 (缺氧条件下 450℃ 热裂解 1 小时获得) 配施氮肥对土壤养分含量、微生物量以及作物产量的影响。试验采用裂区设计,以秸秆生物炭施用量为主区,施氮量为副区。秸秆生物炭用量设 0、7.5 和 22.5 t/hm2 3 个水平 (以 BC0、BC7.5、BC22.5 表示);氮肥用量设 0、150、225 和 300 kg/hm2 4 个水平 (以 N0、N150、N225、N300 表示)。小麦在 2014 年 10 月 9 日播种,次年 6 月 8 日收获;玉米在 2015 年 6 月 10 日播种,当年 9 月 28 日收获。在作物成熟期进行产量测定,并采集 0—20 cm 土壤样品以及采用常规方法进行土壤有机碳 (SOC)、全氮 (TN)、可溶性有机碳 (DOC)、铵态氮 (NH4+-N)、硝态氮 (NO3-N)、土壤微生物量碳 (MBC) 和微生物量氮 (MBN) 的测定。
    结果生物炭对土壤养分含量、微生物量碳氮及作物产量有极显著影响。生物炭用量增加,土壤 SOC、TN、DOC、NO3-N 含量以及土壤 SOC/TN 比值均显著增加,较 BC0 最大增加幅度分别为 165.0%、74.1%、39.1%、75.1% 和 44.0%。MBC、MBN 含量和作物产量均以 BC7.5 处理达最大值,较 BC0 最大增加幅度分别为 49.2%、57.6% 和 46.1%,BC22.5 较 BC7.5 处理平均降低 12.1%、7.3% 和 9.7%;施用生物炭降低 NH4+-N 含量,BC7.5 和 BC22.5 处理较 BC0 分别下降 18.4% 和 23.7%。随着氮肥施用量的增加,SOC、DOC、NH4+-N、MBC、MBN 含量均先增后减,在施氮水平为 150 kg/hm2 时,其含量均达最大值,较 N0 最大增加幅度分别为 29.7%、22.9%、44.8%、79.4% 和 115.3%。所有施氮的处理作物产量较 N0 均显著增加,而三个施氮处理间其产量差异不显著 (P>0.05)。
    结论在维持作物产量不降低的情况下,短期内 N150BC7.5 处理对提升土壤肥力的效果最佳,是较为理想的施肥方式,但其有效机制及长期效果还需进一步试验研究。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to explore effects of combined application of maize straw biochar (BC) and nitrogen (N) on soil physical and chemical properties as well as crop yields in North China. This study could elucidate the responses of soil and plant to the BC and N application in a fluvo-aquic soil, provide a scientific evidence for efficient use of straw resources, and enhance soil fertility and crop production .
    MethodsA two-factor split plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the combined application of BC and N on soil nutrient, microbial biomass, and crop yields under a winter wheat-summer maize rotation in North China. The BC used in this study was produced from maize straw at pyrolysis temperature of approximately 450℃ and maximum temperatures were maintained for 1 h. The main plot was three BC rates, 0, 7.5 and 22.5 t/hm2, and expressed as BC0, BC7.5, and BC22.5, respectively. The subplot was four N rates, 0, 150, 225 and 300 kg/hm2, and expressed as N0, N150, N225, and N300, respectively. Wheat was sown on October 9, 2014, and harvested on June 8 next year. Maize was sown on June 10, 2015, and harvested on September 28, 2015. The soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected after the harvest, and the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soluble organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3-N), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were analyzed using regular methods.
    ResultsBC rates significantly affected the contents of the soil nutrients, microbial biomass and crop yields (P<0.01). The contents of SOC, TN, DOC, N\rmO_3^ - -N and SOC/TN were significantly increased with the increase of the BC application rates (P<0.05) by 165.0%, 74.1%, 39.1%, 75.1% and 44.0%, respectively, compared to the BC0. The contents of MBC, MBN, and crop yields with a BC rate of 7.5 t/hm2 reache the largest value, and were increased by 49.2%, 57.6% and 46.1% compared to the BC0, and the contents of the BC22.5 were reduced by 12.1%, 7.3% and 9.7% compared to the BC7.5 respectively. The contents of NH4+-N were descended with the increase of the BC rates, the BC7.5 and BC22.5 were reduced by 18.4% and 23.7% compared to the BC0 respectively. The contents of SOC, DOC, NH4+-N, MBC and MBN had the greatest values at the N rate of 150 kg/hm2, and were significantly increased by 29.7%, 22.9%, 44.8%, 79.4% and 115.3% compared to the BC0, respectively. The crop yields in all N treatments were higher than the N0, but there were no significant differences among the three N treatments.
    ConclusionsThe N150BC7.5 treatment was more effective to improve soil fertility and maintain high crop yields in a short term, which could be used as an effective way of management practice. Further studies are needed to estimate its effective mechanisms and long-term effects under the combined application of BC and N.

     

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