• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
卢丽兰, 杨新全, 王彩霞, 符式龙, 梁振益. 不同硝铵比氮素供应对广藿香生长及药效成分的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1314-1325. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16451
引用本文: 卢丽兰, 杨新全, 王彩霞, 符式龙, 梁振益. 不同硝铵比氮素供应对广藿香生长及药效成分的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1314-1325. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16451
LU Li-lan, YANG Xin-quan, WANG Cai-xia, FU Shi-long, LIANG Zhen-yi. Effects of nitrogen supply with different NO3/NH4+ ratios on growth and medicinal components of Pogostemon cablin[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1314-1325. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16451
Citation: LU Li-lan, YANG Xin-quan, WANG Cai-xia, FU Shi-long, LIANG Zhen-yi. Effects of nitrogen supply with different NO3/NH4+ ratios on growth and medicinal components of Pogostemon cablin[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1314-1325. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16451

不同硝铵比氮素供应对广藿香生长及药效成分的影响

Effects of nitrogen supply with different NO3/NH4+ ratios on growth and medicinal components of Pogostemon cablin

  • 摘要:
    目的探讨不同硝铵比氮素营养对广藿香生长、产量、生理效应、挥发油及药效成分的影响,为提高广藿香的产量和药用品质提供氮肥施用依据。
    方法以海南藿香为研究材料进行了砂培盆栽试验。设5个不同NO3-N/NH4+-N比处理为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、0∶100,每隔10天浇一次,每次250 mL/盆,每盆定植1株6 cm高的广藿香组培苗。采收期分为定植后60、120、180、240天,每个处理每次采取4盆,分析了广藿香生长指标、叶绿素、抗氧化活性及药效成分。
    结果硝铵比为75∶25的处理更能促进广藿香的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、茎含油率、叶含油率、全株含油率和单株含油量增加,也有利于叶绿素a和叶绿素a + b含量提高。硝铵比为75∶25处理的广藿香植株N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素吸收最多,硝铵比为25∶75和0∶100处理的较低。硝铵比为50∶50的处理有利于叶绿素b含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL酶) 活性的提高,有助于广藿香茎叶的广藿香酮的提高。硝铵比为25∶75和50∶50的处理更有利于羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基清除率的提高。硝铵比25∶75处理有利于广藿香茎叶广藿香醇和其他主要药效成分含量的提高。全硝态氮和全铵态氮 (硝铵比为100∶0和0∶100) 处理不利于或抑制广藿香茎叶油的药效成分形成和积累。
    结论供应硝铵比为75∶25的氮更能促进广藿香生长和光合效能的提高,硝铵比为50∶50、25∶75处理更能促进广藿香主要药效成分含量的提高。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesThe aim of this paper was to study the suitable supply ratio of NO3/NH4+ for high yield and contents of medicinal functional composition in Pogostemon cablin.
    MethodsThe 6 cm tissue culture seedlings of Hainan Pogostemon cablin were taken as the research material in a sand culture experiment. Five ratios of NO3-N/NH4+-N were set up: 100∶0, 75∶25, 50∶50, 25∶75 and 0∶100. Each pot was planted with 1 seedling and irrigated with 250 mL of N solution each time and at 10 day intervals. The plant samples were collected 60, 120, 180 and 240 days after the transplanting. The patchouli growth indexes, chlorophyll composition and antioxidant activity and efficacy were analyzed.
    ResultsThe NO3-N/NH4+-N ratio of 75∶25 promoted plant height, basal culm thickness, tiller number, leaf area index, above-ground fresh and dry biomass, shoot oil rate, leaf oil rate, whole plant oil rate and plant oil amount, and also improved the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll (a + b). The NO3-N/NH4+-N ratio of 75∶25 was better for the absorption of N, P, K, Ca and Mg; the ratio of 50∶50 was beneficial to improve the content of chlorophyll b; the ratios of 25∶75 and 50∶50 were more conducive to improve the free radical scavenging rate of hydroxyl, superoxide anion and DPPH; the ratio of 50∶50 was more conducive to increase activities of PAL enzyme; the ratio of 50∶50 increased the pogostone contents of the shoots and leaves of Patchouli. The NO3-N/NH4+-N ratio of 25∶75 was favorable for increasing the contents of patchouli alcohol and other main medicinal components. The nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen (NO3-N/NH4+-N in 100∶0 and 0∶100) had negative effect or inhibition in the formation and accumulation of main medicinal composition of oil in shoots and leaves of patchouli.
    ConclusionsNitrogen supply in NO3/NH4+ ratio of 75∶25 can stimulate the growth and high photosynthetic efficiency of Patchouli cablin, while those in the 50∶50 and 25∶75 can enhance the antioxidant and PAL enzyme activities, which is favorable to improve the components of Patchouli cablin.

     

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