• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
张雨新, 张富仓, 邹海洋, 陈东峰, 范军亮. 生育期水分调控对甘肃河西地区滴灌春小麦氮素吸收和利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(3): 597-605. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16453
引用本文: 张雨新, 张富仓, 邹海洋, 陈东峰, 范军亮. 生育期水分调控对甘肃河西地区滴灌春小麦氮素吸收和利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(3): 597-605. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16453
ZHANG Yu-xin, ZHANG Fu-cang, ZOU Hai-yang, CHEN Dong-feng, FAN Jun-liang. Effects of soil water regulation at different growing stages on nitrogen uptake and utilization of spring wheat in the Hexi Region, Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(3): 597-605. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16453
Citation: ZHANG Yu-xin, ZHANG Fu-cang, ZOU Hai-yang, CHEN Dong-feng, FAN Jun-liang. Effects of soil water regulation at different growing stages on nitrogen uptake and utilization of spring wheat in the Hexi Region, Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(3): 597-605. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16453

生育期水分调控对甘肃河西地区滴灌春小麦氮素吸收和利用的影响

Effects of soil water regulation at different growing stages on nitrogen uptake and utilization of spring wheat in the Hexi Region, Gansu Province

  • 摘要:
    目的针对河西地区水资源短缺、作物水肥利用效率低等问题,研究滴灌施肥条件下生育期土壤水分调控对河西地区春小麦氮素吸收和利用的影响,以期探索提高氮肥利用效率的土壤水分调控模式。
    方法以春小麦‘永良 4 号’为试验材料进行田间小区试验,根据前期的滴灌施肥试验,施氮量为 N 180 kg/hm2,在春小麦生育期设置 5 个土壤水分下限 (W1、W2、W3、W4 和 CK) 控制水平,研究生育期土壤水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦氮素吸收、分配和转运及根区土壤硝态氮含量的影响。
    结果1) 一定的施肥水平下,土壤水分下限的增长会增加各处理小麦的生育期总灌水量,以充分灌溉 (CK) 处理最大,分别比 W1、W2、W3、W4 处理高 26.6%、15.0%、9.3% 和 4.8%。2) 灌水量的增加会促进小麦植株对土壤养分的吸收同化,与 W4 处理相比,W1、W2、W3 处理的氮素吸收量分别显著减少 29.3%、23.0% 和 15.5%,CK 与 W4 处理差异不显著 (P>0.05)。3) 成熟期各处理小麦营养器官中氮素吸收量以 CK 处理最大,分别比 W1、W2、W3、W4 处理高 28.2%、28.6%、19.2% 和 12.7%,但其子粒中的氮素吸收量比 W4 处理显著低 10.4%。开花期后营养器官中的氮素向子粒的转移量和转移率均以 W4 处理最大,分别比 W1、W2、W3、CK 处理显著增加 40.4%、28.0%、10.6%、10.0% 和 6.8%、3.5%、1.3%、6.9%,但 W4 处理小麦氮素转移量对子粒的贡献率最小 (76.2%)。随着土壤水分下限的增加,各处理氮素吸收效率、氮素生产效率及氮素收获指数呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,均在W4处理下获得最大值。4) 在一定施肥水平下,灌水量的增加会加大硝态氮向土壤深处运移,不利于小麦植株对土壤硝态氮的吸收利用。5) 生育期土壤水分调控对小麦根区土壤硝态氮含量有显著性影响,成熟期 0—100 cm 土层内土壤硝态氮累积量以 W4 处理最小,分别比 W1、W2、W3 和对照 (CK) 处理减少 9.6%、7.2%、6.6% 和 1.4%。
    结论适宜的土壤水分调控更有利于小麦植株对土壤养分的吸收,综合考虑氮素吸收、分配及土壤硝态氮等因素,W4 是基于本试验条件下河西地区滴灌春小麦最佳土壤水分下限处理。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesIn Hexi Region of Gansu Province, there is shortage of water resource, and the water and fertilizer use efficiencies of crops are low. The nitrogen uptake and utilization of spring wheat was studied, to find the effective regulation mode of soil water at different growing stages of spring wheat.
    MethodsField experiments were carried out with the spring wheat cultivar of ‘Yongliang 4’ as materials at a nitrogen application rate of N 180 kg/hm2. Five lower soil water supply treatments, recorded as W1, W2, W3, W4 and CK (sufficient irrigation) were set up at the four growing stages of spring wheat. The accumulation, distribution and translocation of nitrogen in spring wheat were determined, and the rhizosphere soil NO3-N contents were analyzed at the same time.
    Results1) When the low soil water limit became high, the irrigation amount of spring wheat would be increased, and the increment in CK was significantly higher than in W1, W2, W3 and W4 treatments, with the corresponding increase of 26.6%, 15.0%, 9.3% and 4.8%, respectively. 2) Increased irrigation promoted the soil nutrient assimilation by wheat plants. Compared with W4 treatment, the nitrogen assimilation of wheat was significantly reduced by 29.3%, 23.0% and 15.5% in the W1, W2 and W3 treatments, respectively, while the difference was not significant between the W4 and CK. 3) Compared with the W1, W2, W3 and W4 treatments, the nitrogen assimilation in vegetative organs of the CK treatment at the maturity was increased by 28.2%, 28.6%, 19.2% and 12.7%, respectively, while the grain nitrogen assimilation of the CK treatment was significantly reduced by 10.4% compared with the W4 treatment. The W4 had the highest nitrogen translocation amount and efficiency except for its decreasing contribution proportion (76.2%). Compared with the W1, W2, W3 and CK treatments, the nitrogen translocation amount and efficiency were increased by 40.4%, 28.0%, 10.6%, 10.0% and 6.8%, 3.5%, 1.3%, 6.9%, respectively. With the increase of lower soil water limits, the nitrogen uptake efficiencies, nitrogen productive efficiencies and nitrogen harvest indices in all treatments increased first and then decreased, while the W4 had the most obvious changing trend. 4) At the same fertilizer level, the increase in irrigation amount increased the movement of the soil NO3-N into deep soil, which was not good for wheat plants to absorb soil NO3-N. 5) The soil water regulation at different growing stages had significant effects on soil NO3-N contents. At the maturity stage, the treatment W4 showed the lowest soil NO3-N accumulation in the 0–100 cm soil layer, which was reduced by 9.6%, 7.2%, 6.6% and 1.4%, respectively, compared with those of the W1, W2, W3 and CK treatments.
    ConclusionsThe appropriate soil water regulation is beneficial to the soil nutrient uptake by spring wheat plants. Comprehensively considering the nitrogen accumulation, distribution, and soil NO3-N contents, the treatment W4 is selected as the optimal mode for spring wheat in the Hexi Region under present experimental conditions.

     

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