Abstract: From the demands of fertilizer in China's agriculture, the changes of fertilization target, fertilizer supply and demand balance, the way of applying fertilizer and negative effects by fertilization were analyzed. According the process of China's fertilizer development, the current development opportunities were pointed out. The target of fertilizer input has been changed fundamentally from sole for high output to reversible requirement for high output and environmental protection, which requires urgent innovation in nutrition ratio, nutrient types and nutrient release periods of the current fertilizer products. The fertilizer market has changed from seller's to buyer's nowadays, which exacerbates improper competition of fertilizer manufactures.Excessive concepts speculating, infinite extending of fertilizer function, not fully grasping the concept of fertilizer, lack of sureness spirit are common in the drumbeating of fertilizer products. Current new types of fertilizer administration system in China are not fit the healthy development of fertilizer industry, unfortunately. The rapid and consecutive economic growth in the past several decades in China has brought into the huge increase in agricultural input. The labor transfer and the coming operation in appropriate scale in countryside, and the extension of water-saving irrigation technology and no tillage and mulching cultivation require adapted fertilizer products. The technological innovation for Chinese fertilizer industry should focus in the nutrient concentration, forms, proportion and fertilizer additives.