• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
郭振, 王小利, 徐虎, 段建军, 张雅蓉, 李渝, 蒋太明. 长期施用有机肥增加黄壤稻田土壤微生物量碳氮[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1168-1174. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17039
引用本文: 郭振, 王小利, 徐虎, 段建军, 张雅蓉, 李渝, 蒋太明. 长期施用有机肥增加黄壤稻田土壤微生物量碳氮[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1168-1174. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17039
GUO Zhen, WANG Xiao-li, XU Hu, DUAN Jian-jun, ZHANG Ya-rong, LI Yu, JIANG Tai-ming. A large number of long-term application of organic fertilizer can effectively increase microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in yellow paddy soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1168-1174. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17039
Citation: GUO Zhen, WANG Xiao-li, XU Hu, DUAN Jian-jun, ZHANG Ya-rong, LI Yu, JIANG Tai-ming. A large number of long-term application of organic fertilizer can effectively increase microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in yellow paddy soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1168-1174. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17039

长期施用有机肥增加黄壤稻田土壤微生物量碳氮

A large number of long-term application of organic fertilizer can effectively increase microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in yellow paddy soil

  • 摘要:
    目的微生物量碳、氮是土壤中易于利用的养分库及有机物分解和矿化的动力,与土壤养分循环密切相关,其变化可反映土壤耕作制度和土壤肥力的变化。本研究旨在揭示长期施肥对贵州黄壤稻田土壤微生物生物量碳 (SMBC) 和土壤微生物生物量氮 (SMBN) 的影响,并探讨其合理培肥模式。
    方法以贵州黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位监测基地为依托,采用氯仿熏蒸—K2SO4提取法,重点研究不同施肥条件下土壤微生物生物量碳氮的变化及其与全量有机碳氮的关系。试验处理包括不施肥 (CK)、单施化肥 (NPK)、单施有机肥 (M)、低量有机无机肥配施 (0.5MNPK) 和高量有机无机肥配施 (MNPK)。
    结果长期不同施肥处理下,SMBC的变化范围在423.87~695.04 mg/kg之间,SMBN的变化范围在44.36~91.65 mg/kg之间。施用化肥 (NPK) 和施用有机肥及两者配施 (M、0.5MNPK和MNPK) 能增加SMBC和SMBN含量,其中MNPK处理较CK处理SMBC含量增幅最高,达64.0%,显著高于NPK和0.5MNPK处理,但与M处理差异不明显;M处理较CK处理SMBN含量增幅最高,达106.6%,显著高于NPK和0.5MNPK处理,但与MNPK处理差异不明显;长期单施化肥 (NPK) 仅对SMBN含量有显著提高作用 (44.1%),对SMBC作用不明显。SOC、TN和微生物熵 (qMB) 的变化与SMBC一致,均表现为MNPK处理最高,其次为M和0.5MNPK处理,NPK处理最低;所有施肥处理下的SMBC/SMBN无显著性差异且均低于CK处理。
    结论土壤微生物碳、氮量和微生物熵的显著提高均与土壤有机质和全氮的含量变化呈正相关,单施有机肥和高量有机无机肥配施是提高土壤微生物生物量的有效途径。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesSoil microbial biomass carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) are the easy-to-use nutrient pool and the driving forces of decomposition and mineralization of organic matter in soil, and are closely related to soil nutrient cycling. Changes of soil microbial biomass C and N can reflect the changes of soil tillage system and soil fertility. In this study, effects of a long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) were studied in yellow paddy fields, Guizhou Province, and a rational fertilization model was also discussed.
    MethodsBased on the long-term located monitoring base of yellow soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency, the changes of soil microbial biomass C and N and their relationships with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under different fertilization conditions were studied using the method of chloroform fumigation-K2SO4 extraction. The treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), organic manure (M), low application rate of manure combined with chemical fertilizer (0.5MNPK) and high application rate of manure combined with chemical fertilizer (MNPK).
    ResultsThe results showed that SMBC varied in the range of 423.87–695.04 mg/kg and SMBN was in the range of 44.36–91.65 mg/kg under different fertilization treatments. The application of chemical fertilizers (NPK) and organic manure (M, 0.5MNPK and MNPK) could increase the SMBC and SMBN contents, and compared with the CK treatment, the MNPK treatment had the highest SMBC increase rate of 64.0%, which was significantly higher than those of the NPK and 0.5MNPK treatments, but had no significant difference with the M treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, the SMBN content of the M treatment was increased by 106.6%, which was significantly higher than those of the NPK and 0.5MNPK treatments, but the difference between M and MNPK was not significant. The long-term application of the chemical fertilizers (NPK) only significantly increased the content of SMBN (44.1%), and its effect on SMBC was not obvious. The effects of long-term fertilization on SOC, total NL and microbial quotient (qMB) were consistent with SMBC, and their contents were increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application amount, and were highest under the MNPK treatment, followed by the M and 0.5MNPK treatments, and the lowest contents were in the NPK treatment. The ratios of SMBC and SMBN had no significant differences in the fertilization treatments, and were all lower than that of the CK treatment. SMBC and SMBN had a significant positive correlation with SOC, qMB and TN, and also had a significant positive correlation with each other.
    ConclusionsSoil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and microbial entropy were significantly correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. The data from the experiment indicated that the application rate of single organic manure or the high application rate of manure combined with chemical is an effective way to improve soil microbial biomass.

     

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