• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
徐国伟, 陆大克, 王贺正, 陈明灿, 李友军. 干湿交替灌溉与施氮量对水稻叶片光合性状的耦合效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1225-1237. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17067
引用本文: 徐国伟, 陆大克, 王贺正, 陈明灿, 李友军. 干湿交替灌溉与施氮量对水稻叶片光合性状的耦合效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1225-1237. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17067
XU Guo-wei, LU Da-ke, WANG He-zheng, CHEN Ming-can, LI You-jun. Coupling effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation and nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1225-1237. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17067
Citation: XU Guo-wei, LU Da-ke, WANG He-zheng, CHEN Ming-can, LI You-jun. Coupling effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation and nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1225-1237. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17067

干湿交替灌溉与施氮量对水稻叶片光合性状的耦合效应

Coupling effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation and nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves

  • 摘要:
    目的探讨干湿交替灌溉与施氮量耦合对水稻光合性状及其效应的影响,从光合源及光合质方面阐明不同水氮组合处理在光合性状上的差异。
    方法以新稻20为材料进行土培试验,设置浅水层灌溉 (0 kPa)、轻度干湿交替灌溉 (–20 kPa) 和重度干湿交替灌溉 (–40 kPa) 3种灌溉方式及不施氮 (N0)、中氮 (MN, 240 kg/hm2) 和高氮 (HN, 360 kg/hm2) 3种氮水平,研究不同水氮耦合处理对水稻产量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、叶片氮含量、净光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ的潜在活性和最大光化学效率的影响。
    结果灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,轻度干湿交替灌溉增加了主要生育期叶片叶绿素含量、氮含量、净光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ的潜在活性和最大光化学效率,提高抽穗后群体叶面积指数,且与MN耦合后产量最高,为本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹模式;重度干湿交替灌溉则显著降低主要生育期叶片叶绿素含量、叶片氮含量、叶面积指数、净光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ的潜在活性和最大光化学效率;在同一灌溉方式下,中氮处理提高叶片净光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ的潜在活性和最大光化学效率,有利于穗后叶片叶绿素含量及叶面积指数提高,重施氮肥反而降低叶片光合及荧光效率。水稻叶片叶面积指数、光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ潜在活力及最大光化学效率与产量均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。水稻主要生育期光合性状指标的供氮效应均为正效应,轻度干湿交替灌溉下主要生育期叶片叶绿素含量、氮含量、净光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ的潜在活性和最大光化学效率的供水效应及耦合效应均为正效应,而重度干湿交替灌溉的控水及耦合效应则为负效应。
    结论轻度干湿交替灌溉耦合中氮处理水稻叶片净光合速率、光合氮素利用率、PSⅡ的潜在活性和最大光化学效率提高,有利于穗后叶片叶绿素含量及叶面积指数形成,表明通过适宜的肥水调控发挥水氮耦合效应,可以创造良好的光合性状,提高水稻光合生产能力,从而促进水稻高产。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesSoil water potential and fertilizer nutrients are the two main factors affecting rice growth and development. Elucidation of their coupling effects on grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) has enormous significance for high yielding and high efficiency in production. This study observed photosynthetic characteristics of japonica rice under different irrigation and nitrogen supply levels to help understanding the mechanism of suitable irrigation and nitrogen fertilization coupling in yield increase of rice.
    MethodsA field experiment was conducted using a mid-season japonica rice cultivar Xindao 20 with three different nitrogen levels, including N0, MN (240 kg/hm2) and HN (360 kg/hm2), and three irrigation regimes, including submerged irrigation (0 kPa), alternate wetting and moderate drying (–20 kPa), and alternate wetting and severe drying (–40 kPa) in 2014 and 2015. The effects of different water and nitrogen managements on rice yield, chlorophyll and nitrogen content in leaves, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rates, photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiencies(PNUE), potential activity and maximum photochemical efficiencies of PSⅡ at main growth stages were analyzed.
    ResultsThere was a significant interaction between the irrigation regimes and the nitrogen applications, with a similar result in two years. The grain yield was the highest in the treatment of MN coupling with mild water stress due to improved seed filling rate and grain weight. The grain yield increased with alternate wetting and moderate drying, and decreased under the condition of severe drying significantly. Compared with the MN, the grain yield under the condition of HN treatment was decreased, but the difference was not significant, while water stress was severe, the yield of HN was decreased significantly, the result showed that heavy nitrogen fertilizer aggravated the soil drought, and reduced the effect of fertilizer regulation role. In the same nitrogen level, the chlorophyll contents, nitrogen contents, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rates, PNUE, potential activity and maximum photochemical efficiencies of PSⅡ at main growth stages were higher in the treatment of alternate wetting and moderate drying compared with the treatment of submerged irrigation, meanwhile LAI was also increased after the heading stage. The treatment of mild water stress and MN enhanced rice yield, being the best water-nitrogen coupling management model in this study. The opposite result was observed under the condition of alternate wetting and severe drying. In the same irrigation regime, the net photosynthetic rates, potential activity and maximum photochemical efficiencies of PSⅡ at main growth stages were higher under the condition of MN treatment, when compared with no nitrogen applied, meanwhile the chlorophyll contents and leaf area index were enhanced significantly. The opposite results were observed under the condition of HN treatment, which indicated that heavy nitrogen application decreased photosynthetic characteristic of leaves. The grain yield was positively correlated with leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, PNUE, potential activity and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ at main growth stages. Positive effects were observed at nitrogen effect in photosynthetic characteristic at main growth stages, both water stress effect and interaction effect were positive under the condition of alternate wetting and moderate drying, while negative effect was observed under the condition of alternate wetting and severe drying.
    ConclusionsThe net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency, potential activity and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ at main growth stages were higher in treatment of moderate drying and MN, meanwhile the chlorophyll content and leaf area index were also increased after the heading stage. These results suggested that a photosynthetic characteristic, increasing photosynthetic capacity through the appropriate regulation of water coupling with nitrogen application, would be much more beneficial to increasing grain yield of rice.

     

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