• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
廖爽, 邓飞, 田青兰, 李武, 胡慧, 蒲石林, 李书先, 任万军. 四川杂交稻骨干恢复系稻米品质对氮素水平的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 71-81. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17079
引用本文: 廖爽, 邓飞, 田青兰, 李武, 胡慧, 蒲石林, 李书先, 任万军. 四川杂交稻骨干恢复系稻米品质对氮素水平的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 71-81. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17079
LIAO Shuang, DENG Fei, TIAN Qing-lan, LI Wu, HU Hui, PU Shi-lin, LI Shu-xian, REN Wan-jun. Response of major restore lines for hybrid rice to nitrogen rate in Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 71-81. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17079
Citation: LIAO Shuang, DENG Fei, TIAN Qing-lan, LI Wu, HU Hui, PU Shi-lin, LI Shu-xian, REN Wan-jun. Response of major restore lines for hybrid rice to nitrogen rate in Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 71-81. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17079

四川杂交稻骨干恢复系稻米品质对氮素水平的响应

Response of major restore lines for hybrid rice to nitrogen rate in Sichuan Province

  • 摘要:
    目的 氮素作为水稻生长发育的必需营养元素之一,显著影响稻米品质的形成。明确氮素水平对稻米品质的影响及不同品种对氮素的敏感性,可为水稻的优质育种和科学施肥提供依据。
    方法 采用两因素裂区大田试验方法,主区为三个施氮水平 (N 0、90、180 kg/hm2),裂区为15个骨干恢复系和宜香优2115水稻材料。分析了稻米加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,并采用聚类分析方法,调查了供试材料的氮素敏感性。
    结果 1) 随氮素水平的提高,稻米精米率及长宽比变化较小,但稻米糙米率和整精米率显著提高,与N0处理相比,N90与N180处理下稻米糙米率分别提高0.8%、1.4%;整精米率分别提高5.7%、7.9%;垩白度和垩白粒率则显著降低,与N0处理相比,N90与N180处理下稻米垩白度分别降低26.1%、55.0%;垩白粒率分别降低12.6%、32.8%。2) 氮素水平显著影响稻米淀粉RVA谱特征指标。随施氮量提高,稻米峰值粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶黏度、回复值及直链淀粉含量明显降低,消减值、崩解值、糊化温度及峰值时间变化较小。3) 聚类分析表明,施氮水平影响着水稻恢复系对氮素的敏感性。N90水平下,低氮敏感型包括乐恢188、成恢727及沪恢602;低氮中间型包括绵恢725、沪恢17、绵恢523及西科恢768;低氮迟钝型包括明恢63、多恢1号、成恢838(718、3023)、雅恢2115、蜀恢498(527)、宜香优2115。N180水平下,氮敏感型包括乐恢188、绵恢725、沪恢17、西科恢768;氮中间型包括明恢63、多恢1号、蜀恢498(527) 及宜香优2115;氮迟钝型由雅恢2115、成恢3203(838、718、727)、绵恢523及沪恢602组成。
    结论 提高氮素水平可有效改善四川省骨干恢复系稻米的加工和外观品质,调节稻米淀粉RVA谱特性。其中雅恢2115、成恢3203(838、727、718) 及沪恢602品质较高且随氮素变化较小,属于氮迟钝品系,此类品系在低氮条件下品质属性变化较小。乐恢188、绵恢725、沪恢17及西科恢768属于氮敏感品系,此类品系对氮敏感度高,品质受氮素影响较大。氮中间品系则包括明恢63、多恢1号、蜀恢498(527) 及宜香优2115。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Nitrogen is one of the most important factor in rice growth that significantly affects the formation of rice quality. To make clear the effect of different nitrogen levels on rice quality and understand the sensitivity to nitrogen of different varieties can provide a basis for high quality breeding and scientific fertilization of rice.
    Methods A two factors’ split plot experiment was designed to assess the effect of nitrogen rates (N 0, 90 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2) on milling, appearance, cooking and eating qualities of 15 restore lines and one hybrid rice variety (Yixiangyou 2115), and investigated the sensitivity of nitrogen in the test by clustering analysis.
    Results 1) The nitrogen rates had significant effect on milling and appearance qualities of rice restore lines. No significant differences in the milled rice rate and length/width ratio were observed with the increase of nitrogen rate. However, the brown rice rate and head rice rate were obviously increased, compared to the N0 treatment, 0.8% and 1.4% increases in brown rice rate, and 5.7% and 7.9% increases in head rice rate were observed by N90 and N180, but the chalky area ratio and chalkiness grain rate were decreased with more nitrogen. Compared to the N0 treatment, 26.1% and 55.0% falling in the chalky area ratio, and 12.6% and 32.8% falling in chalkiness grain rate were observed by N90 and N180. 2) Starch RVA characteristics were significantly influenced by the nitrogen rates. The peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cool viscosity, consistence viscosity and amylose content were obviously decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate. 3) Cluster analysis showed that the sensitivity of restore lines varied to the nitrogen rate. At N90, the restore lines were classified into three classes, nitrogen sensitive type including Lehui188, Chenghui727 and Huhui602; nitrogen middle type including Mianhui725, Huhui17, Mianhui523 and Xikehui768; and nitrogen slow type including Minghui63,Duohui1, Chenghui838 (718, 3203), Yahui2115, Shuhui498 (527) and Yixiangyou2115. At N180, the restore lines were classified into three classes, nitrogen sensitive type including Lehui188, Mianhui725, Huhui17 and Xikehui768; Nitrogen middle type including Minghui63, Duohui1, Shuhui498 (527) and Yixiangyou2115, and nitrogen slow type including Yahui2115, Chenghui3203 (838, 718, 727), Mianhui523 and Huhui602.
    Conclusions The increase of nitrogen rate can effectively improve the rice milling and external quality, and regulate the RVA profile characteristics of rice starch of restore lines in Sichuan province. Yahui2115, Chenghui3203 (838, 718, 727), Mianhui523 and Huhui602 had better quality, and their quality was changed by nitrogen rate change in sensitive nitrogen species. And there were litter changes in rice quality under the low nitrogen condition. Sensitive nitrogen species include Lehui188, Mianhui725, Huhui17 and Xikehui768 whose rice quality could be improved by increasing nitrogen levels. Nitrogen intermediate species include Minghui63, Duohui1, Shuhui498 (527) and Yixiangyou2115.

     

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