• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李敏, 武际, 韩上, 胡现荣, 郑仁兵, 陶红, 雷之萌. 稻油轮作制下控释氮肥的施用效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 105-113. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17136
引用本文: 李敏, 武际, 韩上, 胡现荣, 郑仁兵, 陶红, 雷之萌. 稻油轮作制下控释氮肥的施用效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 105-113. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17136
LI Min, WU Ji, HAN Shang, HU Xian-rong, ZHENG Ren-bing, TAO Hong, LEI Zhi-meng. Application effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers under rice–rapeseed rotation systems[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 105-113. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17136
Citation: LI Min, WU Ji, HAN Shang, HU Xian-rong, ZHENG Ren-bing, TAO Hong, LEI Zhi-meng. Application effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers under rice–rapeseed rotation systems[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 105-113. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17136

稻油轮作制下控释氮肥的施用效应

Application effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers under rice–rapeseed rotation systems

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究稻油轮作方式,控释氮肥施用对作物产量、氮素吸收利用及经济效益的影响以及前茬施用控释氮肥对后茬作物的后效特点,明确稻油轮作制下控释氮肥施用最佳轮作周期,为稻油轮作体系控释氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据。
    方法 2014—2015年在安徽省水旱轮作区开展稻油轮作方式控释氮肥田间试验。试验设前茬作物不施氮肥 (N0),前茬作物分次施用普通氮肥 (PU) 和一次基施控释氮肥 (CRU) 3个处理。后茬作物进行裂区试验,后两个处理设施氮和不施氮两个副区,施氮处理仍按前茬氮肥处理施用。分析了稻–油轮作方式和油–稻轮作方式控释氮肥施用对作物产量、氮素吸收、氮肥利用效率和经济效益的影响及前茬作物控释氮肥的施用后效。
    结果 控释氮肥较普通氮肥周年产量、吸氮量、氮肥利用率、贡献率、农学效率、偏生产力和纯收入,在稻–油轮作方式后茬施氮条件下分别提高8.0%、31.0%、17.2个百分点、5.8个百分点、2.7 kg/kg、2.6 kg/kg、12.8%,后茬不施氮条件下分别提高5.9%、23.5%、19.1个百分点、4.9个百分点、3.3 kg/kg、3.3 kg/kg、10.9%;在油–稻轮作方式后茬施氮条件下分别提高15.6%、34.9%、21.8个百分点、11.5个百分点、4.4 kg/kg、4.5 kg/kg、17.1%,后茬不施氮条件下分别提高6.8%、22.2%、25.9个百分点、6.0个百分点、4.2 kg/kg、3.8 kg/kg、11.1%。前茬水稻季和油菜季施用控释氮肥当季氮肥利用率、残留利用率和累积利用率分别为36.1%、11.6%、47.7%和29.3%、14.1%、43.4%,均显著高于普通氮肥。控释氮肥前茬水稻季施用氮肥当季利用率和累积利用率高于油菜季施用。
    结论 稻油轮作下,一次性施用控释氮肥较分次施用普通氮肥均可显著提高作物产量、吸氮量、氮肥利用效率和纯收入。控释氮肥于前茬水稻季施用效果优于油菜季施用,建议控释氮肥于稻–油轮作方式下施用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers (CRU) on crop yield, total nitrogen accumulation, economic benefit and the residual effects of CRU applied in previous crop season were studied under rice–rapeseed and rapeseed–rice rotation periods.
    Methods Field experiments were conducted in paddy-upland rotation areas of Anhui Province under rice–rapeseed rotation systems in the period of 2014–2015. Three treatments were set up: 1) No nitrogen (N0); 2) conventional nitrogen fertilizer by split application (PU); and 3) single basal application of 100% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRU). For the rice–rapeseed rotation period, N0, PU and CRU were included in the previous crop. For the later crop the original two nitrogen application treatments in the previous crop were split into with and without N application sub-treatments, and the nitrogen treatments kept consistent with the previous crop. Crop yield, total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, economic benefit and the residual effects of CRU applied in previous crop were analyzed in the treatments under the rice–rapeseed rotation system and the rapeseed–rice rotation system. The optimum application period of CRU under rice–rapeseed system was defined.
    Results Due to different N fertilizer forms and rotation periods, the differences among the yields, N uptakes, N use efficiencies and economic benefit were significant. Compared with PU, the annual yield, N uptake, N use efficiency (NRE), N contribute efficiency (NCE), agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (NAE), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (NPFP) and net income (NI) in CRU were increased by 8.0%, 31.0%, 17.2 percentage points, 5.8 percentage points, 2.7 kg/kg, 2.6 kg/kg, 12.8% and 5.9%, 23.5%, 19.1 percentage points, 4.9 percentage points, 3.3 kg/kg, 3.3 kg/kg and 10.9% under the rice–rapeseed rotation period with and without N application for the later crop, respectively, while those were 15.6%, 34.9%, 21.8 percentage points, 11.5 percentage points, 4.4 kg/kg, 4.5 kg/kg, 17.1% and 6.8%, 22.2%, 25.9 percentage points, 6.0 percentage points, 4.2 kg/kg, 3.8 kg/kg and 11.1% under the rapeseed–rice rotation period with and without N application for the later crop, respectively. The recovery N efficiency, residual N efficiency and accumulative N efficiency in the CRU treatments were 36.1%, 11.6%, 47.7% and 29.3%, 14.1%, 43.4% in rice and rapeseed seasons, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in PU. The recovery N efficiency and accumulative N efficiency in CRU in rice season were higher than those in rapeseed season.
    Conclusions Application of CRU would achieve high crop yields and N efficiencies and economic benefit under rice–rapeseed rotation systems, and the application effect of CRU in the rice season was superior to that in the rapeseed season. It was suggested that the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to the rice–rapeseed rotation period.

     

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