• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王震, 李金秀, 张彬, 冯浩, 李金榜. 小麦玉米一体化氮肥运筹对小麦产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1169-1177. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17274
引用本文: 王震, 李金秀, 张彬, 冯浩, 李金榜. 小麦玉米一体化氮肥运筹对小麦产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1169-1177. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17274
WANG Zhen, LI Jin-xiu, ZHANG Bin, FENG Hao, LI Jin-bang. Effects of different nitrogen applications on yields and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of wheats under integrated nitrogen management for wheat–maize rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1169-1177. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17274
Citation: WANG Zhen, LI Jin-xiu, ZHANG Bin, FENG Hao, LI Jin-bang. Effects of different nitrogen applications on yields and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of wheats under integrated nitrogen management for wheat–maize rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1169-1177. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17274

小麦玉米一体化氮肥运筹对小麦产量和氮素利用的影响

Effects of different nitrogen applications on yields and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of wheats under integrated nitrogen management for wheat–maize rotation system

  • 摘要:
    目的 综合研究氮肥的产量效应、氮肥利用率以及土壤–作物体系中的氮素平衡,始终是评价氮肥合理施用与否的关键。本试验在小麦、玉米一体化施氮肥条件下研究了周年氮肥用量及其分配比例对小麦产量与氮素利用的影响。
    方法 试验采用裂区设计,主区为2个小麦品种新麦21和宛麦20,裂区设小麦–玉米两熟制周年3个氮肥用量300、450和600 kg/hm2,次裂区设小麦、玉米作物间3个氮肥分配比例4∶6、5∶5、6∶4,3年定位研究不同施氮量下产量、氮肥利用效率和0—100 cm土壤硝态氮的变化。
    结果 氮肥用量和分配比例对两个品种产量及产量构成因素均有显著影响,新麦21在年施氮量450 kg/hm2且分配比例为5∶5、6∶4和年施氮量600 kg/hm2,且分配比例为4∶6时产量较高,处理间差异不显著。宛麦20在年施氮量450 kg/hm2,且分配比例为5∶5、6∶4时产量较高,处理间差异不显著。年氮肥用量600 kg/hm2,且分配比例为4∶6和年施氮量450 kg/hm2,且分配比例为4∶6、5∶5时全年产量较高,处理间差异不显著。通径分析表明,成穗数对新麦21产量影响最大,穗粒数对宛麦20产量影响最大。新麦21、宛麦20氮肥利用率最佳的处理分别为年施氮量450 kg/hm2,且分配比例5∶5和年施氮量600 kg/hm2且分配比例为4∶6。年氮肥用量450 kg/hm2,且分配比例为5∶5时0—100 cm土层硝态氮含量增加不明显;除年氮肥用量300 kg/hm2处理,其他处理土层硝态氮均有不同程度的增加。
    结论 综合考虑周年产量和氮素利用,本试验条件下周年施氮肥450 kg/hm2,小麦、玉米为5∶5分配比例有利于作物全年高产高效。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Yields, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen balance have been effective ways in evaluation of nitrogen fertilization. The proper annual amount and allocating ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat and maize were studied in this paper.
    Methods Wheat cultivar of Xinmai21 (X21) and Wanmai20 (W20) were used as the material, a three-year located split-block experiment was conducted in the wheat–maize rotation system, Henan Province. Three annual rates of nitrogen application were applied as 300, 450 and 600 kg/hm2, three nitrogen distribution proportions in wheat and maize were applied as 4∶6 (B4), 5∶5 (B5) and 6∶4 (B6). The wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrate accumulation in 0–100 cm soil were investigated.
    Results The nitrogen fertilizer application rate and proportion had significant effect on yields and their components. For wheat cultivar X21, the treatments of N450 in ratio 5∶5 and 6∶4 and treatment of N600 in ratio 4∶6 all produced satisfactory yields. For wheat cultivar W20, satisfactory yields were obtained in annual nitrogen rates of N450 in both ratio of 5∶5 and 6∶4. The annual total yield was the highest under the N600 in ratio 4∶6, there was no significant difference between N450 in ratio 4∶6, N450 in ratio 5∶5 and N600 in ratio 4∶6. The path analysis suggested that spike was the main factor in X21 yield, while the kernel number was the main factor in W20 yield. The optimum nitrogen use efficiency of X21 and W20 were N450 kg/hm2 in ratio 5∶5 and N600 in ratio 4∶6, respectively. The nitrate accumulation of 0–100 cm soil depth was not obvious in N450 in ratio 5∶5, and there were nitrate accumulation with different degrees in other treatments except N300.
    Conclusions Comprehensive considering the annual yields and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiencies, the reasonable annual application amount is 450 kg/hm2, allocated in ratio of 5∶5 in wheat and maize under the experimental condition.

     

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