• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
米国华. 论作物养分效率及其遗传改良[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1525-1535. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17283
引用本文: 米国华. 论作物养分效率及其遗传改良[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1525-1535. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17283
MI Guo-hua. Nutrient use efficiency in crops and its genetic improvement[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1525-1535. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17283
Citation: MI Guo-hua. Nutrient use efficiency in crops and its genetic improvement[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1525-1535. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17283

论作物养分效率及其遗传改良

Nutrient use efficiency in crops and its genetic improvement

  • 摘要: 作物养分效率遗传改良已成为植物营养学重点研究领域之一,但对于养分效率的概念及其组成因素,以及养分高效性状依然存在很多认识误区,限制了养分高效育种成效。本文论述了养分效率及其相关指标的定义,从作物学、植物营养生理学、分子生物学和遗传学多个角度分析了养分高效吸收、养分高效利用的生理学决定因素及其对养分高效育种的启示。指出除了高通量养分高效表型分析技术的限制,还缺乏对田间水平上养分高效生理学机制的深入理解,不清楚养分高效的次级生理指标,已成为限制养分高效育种的因素之一。未来应该充分利用现代分子生物学研究手段,加强田间条件下的养分高效生理学机制研究,将养分吸收、分配、转运等生理过程与作物生长发育调控密切关联,关注群体种植条件下的最优植株性状,在田间实际生长条件下进行鉴定,才有可能获得实用的养分高效品种。

     

    Abstract: Genetic improvement of nutrient use efficiency has been a hotspot of plant nutrition research. However, there are still quite a few of misunderstanding on the concepts of nutrient efficiency and their physiological components, and nutrient efficient plant traits as well, which resulted in biased evaluation on the breeding efficiency for nutrient-efficient cultivars. The concepts and the meaning of nutrient use efficiencies and their components were discussed in detail. The general advances in the studies of nutrient genetic efficiencies of plants and the genetic breeding were introduced. From the point of views of crop science, plant nutrition, plant molecular biology and genetics, the physiological characteristics of efficient nutrient uptake and utilization were analyzed. In addition to the limitation of the field-level high-throughout phenotyping techniques, the lack of understanding of the physiological mechanism of efficient nutrient use at field level and the lack of a clear concept of the secondary indicator for genotype identification have been limiting the progress of breeding for nutrient efficiency. The molecular tools should be used to enhance the understanding of the physiological mechanism of nutrient use efficiency at field level. Genetic improvement on nutrient use efficiency should link nutrient uptake, allocation and reutilization with the regulation of plant growth and development. The optimum plant traits under population condition must be stressed and the selection should be conducted under true field conditions.

     

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