• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
唐伟杰, 官春云, 林良斌, 李丽萍, 张振华, 王峰, 肖钢, 李博, 刘屹湘. 不同硝铵比对油菜生长、生理与产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1338-1348. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17495
引用本文: 唐伟杰, 官春云, 林良斌, 李丽萍, 张振华, 王峰, 肖钢, 李博, 刘屹湘. 不同硝铵比对油菜生长、生理与产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1338-1348. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17495
shu
TANG Wei-jie, GUAN Chun-yun, LIN Liang-bin, LI Li-ping, ZHANG Zhen-hua, WANG Feng, XIAO Gang, LI Bo, LIU Yi-xiang. Effects of nitrate and ammonium supply ratios on growth, physiology and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1338-1348. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17495
Citation: TANG Wei-jie, GUAN Chun-yun, LIN Liang-bin, LI Li-ping, ZHANG Zhen-hua, WANG Feng, XIAO Gang, LI Bo, LIU Yi-xiang. Effects of nitrate and ammonium supply ratios on growth, physiology and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1338-1348. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17495
shu

不同硝铵比对油菜生长、生理与产量的影响

Effects of nitrate and ammonium supply ratios on growth, physiology and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究不同形态氮肥及配施比对油菜全生育期 (苗期、花期、收获期) 生长、生理与产量的影响，旨在为油菜生产中氮肥合理施用，促进油菜高产高效栽培提供理论依据。
    方法 试验以石英砂为基质，以Hoagland营养液为基础进行盆栽试验，供试油菜品种为氮高效型湘油15和氮低效型814。在营养液总氮量相等 (N 15 mmol/L) 的条件下，设5个处理：硝态氮 (NO3–)/铵态氮 (NH4+) 摩尔比例分别为100/0 (N1)、75/25 (N2)、50/50 (N3)、25/75 (N4)、0/100 (N5)。于油菜移栽后70 d、130 d、180 d收获全株，用根系扫描仪 EPSON(PER-FECTION C700) 对根进行扫描，用WinRHIZO PRO2009软件进行分析，获得植株总根长、根系总表面积、根系平均直径、根总体积等数据。植株样品分为根、茎、叶、角果 (花)，测定生物量和氮含量，籽粒测定生物量、氮含量和油分含量。
    结果 N1、N2处理的两个氮效率油菜品种在全生育期的干重、根长、根表面积、根体积、氮累积量、籽粒产量、油产量均显著高于其他处理，N1、N2两个处理间差异不显著，N5处理的最差。N2、N3、N4处理苗期叶片的叶绿素含量 (SPAD值) 均显著高于N1、N5处理。不同氮效率品种分析表明：N1、N2、N3、N4处理下氮高效品种湘油15在全生育期的根长、根表面积、根体积、籽粒产量、含油量、油产量显著高于氮低效品种814。氮高效品种湘油15在收获期地上部和根的干重显著高于氮低效品种814，而氮累积量无显著差异。
    结论 适宜的铵态氮、硝态氮配比 (75%NO3– + 25%NH4+) 能够促进油菜生长、增强光合作用、提高产量。较高的根长、根表面积、根体积以及对硝态氮的高效利用是湘油15氮效率高于814的基础与关键。为油菜生产上氮肥合理施用及不同氮效率油菜品种筛选提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives A reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in improving oilseed rape cultivation and promoting oilseed yield. Therefore, the application effects with different ratios of nitrate and ammonium on the growth, physiological response and oilseed yield of oilseed rape throughout the growth process including seedling stage, flowering period, and harvesting period.
    Methods Two cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), Xiangyou15 with high N efficiency and 814 with low N efficiency, were cultured in sands under supply with the same N rate. Five treatments, which represent different mole ratios of NO3– versus NH4+ 100/0(N1), 75/25(N2), 50/50(N3), 25/75(N4), and 0/100(N5), were established. The dry weight, root configuration, photosynthesis, N concentration, oilseed yield, and oil contents in oilseed rape were analyzed at different growth stages.
    Results Both the N1 and the N2 treatments demonstrated more increases in dry weight, root length, root surface, root volume, grain yield, oil content, and oil yield of oilseed rapes than the other treatments with nitrogen fertilizer during the whole growth period, while the treatment with N5 inhibited the growth of oilseed rapes. At the seedling stage, the SPAD values in leaf in the treatments with N2, N3 and N4 were significantly higher than those in the treatments with N1 or N5. Additionally, in the case of supply with N1, N2, N3 and N4, the root length, root surface, root volume, grain yield, oil content, and oil yield in Xiangyou15 variety with high N efficiency were significant higher than those in cultivar 814 with low N efficiency during the whole growth period. Xiangyou15 cultivar accumulated more dry weights than 814 variety at the harvesting period when the treatments were supplied with N1, N2, N3 and N4, but two cultivar varieties had no significant differences in accumulation of N in oilseed rapes.
    Conclusions A suitable ratio of nitrate (75% NO3–) and ammonium (25% NH4+) could promote photosynthesis and improve the growth of oilseed rape and oilseed yield. Compared with 814 variety, the xiangyou15 variety with higher N efficiency revealed a higher root length, root surface, root volume and utilization of nitrate.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(26)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回