• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
陈静, 王迎春, 李虎, 王立刚, 吴永常, 韦文珊. 基于DNDC模型的冬小麦−夏玉米农田滴灌施肥优化措施研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(2): 200-212. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18017
引用本文: 陈静, 王迎春, 李虎, 王立刚, 吴永常, 韦文珊. 基于DNDC模型的冬小麦−夏玉米农田滴灌施肥优化措施研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(2): 200-212. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18017
CHEN Jing, WANG Ying-chun, LI Hu, WANG Li-gang, WU Yong-chang, WEI Wen-shan. Optimization of drip fertilization practice for winter wheat−summer maize farmland using the DNDC model[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(2): 200-212. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18017
Citation: CHEN Jing, WANG Ying-chun, LI Hu, WANG Li-gang, WU Yong-chang, WEI Wen-shan. Optimization of drip fertilization practice for winter wheat−summer maize farmland using the DNDC model[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(2): 200-212. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18017

基于DNDC模型的冬小麦−夏玉米农田滴灌施肥优化措施研究

Optimization of drip fertilization practice for winter wheat−summer maize farmland using the DNDC model

  • 摘要:
    目的 滴灌施肥是一种具有节水、节肥等优点的水肥一体化田间管理措施,然而其对N2O排放和经济效益的影响仍存在不确定性。针对我国重要的粮食生产方式—冬小麦−夏玉米轮作,优化设计适宜的滴灌施肥管理制度,对于提高水肥资源利用效率,减少环境污染,提高经济效益具有重大的实际意义。
    方法 在山东桓台冬小麦−夏玉米典型农田上设置试验,进行不同灌溉系数和不同施氮量处理对农田土壤N2O排放和作物产量影响的研究。根据田间实测数据对DNDC模型进行校正和验证,利用验证后的模型定量评估滴灌施肥对N2O排放的影响,综合考虑作物产量和N2O减排效果和经济效益,最终提出华北平原冬小麦−夏玉米体系的优化滴灌施肥措施。
    结果 DNDC模型具备模拟滴灌施肥一体化管理措施下冬小麦、夏玉米生长情况和产量的能力,模型校正后能较好地模拟滴灌施肥条件下冬小麦/夏玉米农田土壤N2O排放特征。在田间试验筛选出的最佳滴灌量和施氮量的基础上设置不同的滴灌量、施氮量以及玉米季施氮次数、施氮时间模拟情景,经过模型情景模拟最终筛选出的最优滴灌施肥措施是冬小麦季分4次滴灌施肥,滴灌量130 mm,随水施N 189 kg/hm2,夏玉米避开雨季分4次滴灌施肥,滴灌量19 mm,随水施N 231 kg/hm2。该模型模拟出的最优措施能够在不影响作物产量的基础上比田间试验筛选出的最佳滴灌和施氮量处理减少16%的N2O排放。
    结论 与当地习惯漫灌撒肥措施相比,优化后的滴灌施肥管理全年共节水58.6%、减氮30.0%、减少50% N2O排放,同时净收益增加了1336.41元/hm2,增加投资部分的收益率为230.34%,远大于部分预算法中100%的新技术采用标准。研究结果可为滴灌施肥技术在华北农田推广应用提供实际参考。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Drip fertigation is considered an efficient strategy for water and nutrient application during crop production which could save water and fertilizers, but uncertainty around the effects of greenhouse gas emission and economic benefit. Optimizing the strategy of drip fertigation for winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in north China is of great significance to increase water and fertilizer use efficiencies, reduce environment pollution and improve economic benefit.
    Methods Field experiments were carried out in Huantai County of Shandong Province. Three N fertilizer rate treatments and five irrigation amount treatments were conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management and drip irrigation management on crop yields and N2O emission in the winter wheat-summer maize system. Measured data were used to calibrate the DNDC model, and then the DNDC model was employed to optimize drip fertigation schedule under winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China.
    Results Based on comprehensive consideration of crop yields and N2O emission, the modified DNDC quantified the effects of different drip irrigation scenarios on N2O emission, and put forward the optimal drip fertigation strategy. The drip irrigation amount was 130 mm, and the nitrogen application amount was N 189 kg/hm2 in winter wheat season, while the drip irrigation amount was 19.2 mm, and the nitrogen application amount was N 231 kg/hm2 in summer maize season. Dripping water with fertilizers was applied 4 times during the winter wheat and summer maize growing seasons respectively, which could reduce 16% N2O emission in comparison to the optimal drip fertigation strategy ripe-rot by field trials without reducing the yields.
    Conclusions The optimized strategy of drip fertigation can save 58.6% of irrigation water, 30.0% of N fertilizer and reduce 50.0% of N2O emission in comparison to the conventional water and N treatment. The net income and rate of return on the increased investment of change from conventional irrigation and fertilization to optimized drip fertilization was 1336.41 yuan/hm2 and 230.34%. The optimized drip fertilization should be feasible for farmers to accept according to the criteria for partial budget analysis. This study provides a useful reference for the efficient agricultural management of saving water and fertilizer, reducing greenhouse gas emission, and increasing economic benefit in the North China Plain.

     

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