• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
徐壮, 王婉瑕, 徐磊, 易可可. 水稻磷素吸收与转运分子机制研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1378-1385. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18052
引用本文: 徐壮, 王婉瑕, 徐磊, 易可可. 水稻磷素吸收与转运分子机制研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1378-1385. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18052
XU Zhuang, WANG Wan-xia, XU Lei, YI Ke-ke. Research progress in molecular mechanism of rice phosphorus uptake and translocation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1378-1385. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18052
Citation: XU Zhuang, WANG Wan-xia, XU Lei, YI Ke-ke. Research progress in molecular mechanism of rice phosphorus uptake and translocation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1378-1385. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18052

水稻磷素吸收与转运分子机制研究进展

Research progress in molecular mechanism of rice phosphorus uptake and translocation

  • 摘要: 磷素是植物体内重要的大量元素之一,其含量约占植物干重的 0.2%。由于磷元素作为许多重要生物大分子的关键组分,且参与植物体内许多的生理生化反应,因此植物的生长和发育都离不开磷元素。植物在长期的进化过程中,形成了一套高效地吸收和利用磷素的分子调控机制。本文将重点阐述水稻中无机磷从土壤吸收进根系再转运到地上部并进行分配的分子机制,并对今后的水稻磷素吸收和转运的研究重点进行展望。水稻根系主要通过定位在细胞膜上的磷酸盐转运体 (Phosphate Transporter1,PHT1) 吸收土壤中无机磷。当无机磷被吸收进入根系细胞内部后,通过质外体和共质体两种养分的运输途径,将其运输到根中维管束,并通过PHO1 将无机磷由根系加载到地上部。然后水稻根据其地上部不同组织器官对无机磷的需求进行分配,而多余的无机磷将储存在液泡内,维持细胞内无机磷的平衡。目前对磷酸盐转运体吸收磷素的分子机制研究较为清楚,但对于磷素在植物体内的储存、分配和再利用过程的机制还研究较少。液泡作为水稻无机磷储存的主要部位,对于维持细胞内无机磷的平衡尤其重要;节是水稻营养元素 (包括磷素) 在地上部进行分配的重要部位。但目前对于定位于液泡膜上和节上的磷酸盐转运体的机制研究较少。因此,未来挖掘与解析水稻体内负责磷素储存、分配和再利用的磷酸盐转运体及其作用机制,能为培育磷高效利用的水稻提供新的依据。

     

    Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is one of the major elements in plants, which account for nearly 0.2% of plant dry weight. P is crucial for plant’s growth and development because it is a key component of many important biological macromolecules and involves in many physiological and biochemical processes in plants. During the long-term course of evolution, a set of molecular regulation mechanisms have been formed for the efficient uptake and utilization of phosphorus in plants. This article summarized the molecular mechanism of root phosphate (Pi) uptake from soil, the translocation/redistribution of Pi in shoot, and give a prospection for future research efforts in Pi uptake and translocation in rice. Rice plants absorb Pi from soil through root system, which mainly relies on the PHT1Pi transporter located on the plasma membrane. After Pi is taken up into the plant cells, it is translocated into vascular bundles through apoplast and symplastic nutrient transport pathways, then is uploaded into xylem by the PHO1 to deliver to the shoot. Pi can also be redistributed between different tissues and organs according to their own demands. During these processes, excess Pi will be stored in the vacuoles, maintaining the cellular Pi homeostasis. Nowadays, the molecular mechanism of Pi uptake by Pi transporters is relatively clear. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of Pi storage, distribution and remobilization in plants. Vacuoles, as the main Pi storage part, play important roles for Pi homeostasis in rice cells. The node is an important part for nutrient distribution, contributing to the Pi distribution in rice plant. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of Pi transporters located on the vacuole membrane and the node cells. Therefore, efforts should be focused on the identification and functional analysis of Pi transporters responsible for Pi storage, distribution and remobilization, which will provide new basis for breeding high Pi efficient rice varieties in future.

     

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