• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
于晓芳, 赵晓宇, 胡树平, 高聚林, 崔涛, 王富贵. 内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米适宜耕作方式研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(3): 392-401. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18087
引用本文: 于晓芳, 赵晓宇, 胡树平, 高聚林, 崔涛, 王富贵. 内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米适宜耕作方式研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(3): 392-401. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18087
YU Xiao-fang, ZHAO Xiao-yu, HU Shu-ping, GAO Ju-lin, CUI Tao, WANG Fu-gui. Tillage method suitable for farmlands with different maize yield levels in Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(3): 392-401. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18087
Citation: YU Xiao-fang, ZHAO Xiao-yu, HU Shu-ping, GAO Ju-lin, CUI Tao, WANG Fu-gui. Tillage method suitable for farmlands with different maize yield levels in Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(3): 392-401. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18087

内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米适宜耕作方式研究

Tillage method suitable for farmlands with different maize yield levels in Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia

  • 摘要:
    目的 浅旋耕是内蒙古河套灌区常用的耕作方式,长期采用浅旋耕导致耕层变浅、犁底层变硬、土壤保水保肥能力下降。本文探索了翻耕和深松对内蒙古河套平原灌区不同产量水平下玉米农田土壤肥力的作用,以明确适宜本地区长期可持续的耕作技术。
    方法 本研究在巴彦淖尔市黄河沿岸进行。选择了长期引黄灌溉,且分别采用浅旋耕 (10—15 cm)、传统翻耕 (20—30 cm) 和深松 (30—35 cm) 3种耕作措施及低、中、高3个产量水平地块。在玉米收获后,采集0—20、20—35和35—50 cm土层样品,测定土壤容重、土壤固液气三相比、土壤水分含量和养分含量,调查玉米产量,分析传统翻耕和深松对不同产量水平地块土壤质量及玉米产量的作用效果,以及不同产量水平地块采用深松和传统翻耕的增产潜力。
    结果 3个产量水平土壤上,深松和翻耕较浅旋耕处理的土壤含水量分别提高7.25%~32.11%、5.36%~21.91%,土壤容重降低5.23%~8.61%、0.69%~4.91%,土壤固液气三相比R值降低12.24%~89.97%、7.30%~57.74%,土壤全氮含量提高了17.88%~55.60%、9.81%~22.25%,土壤速效磷含量提高21.23%~41.26%、10.84%~22.04%,土壤速效钾含量提高36.85%~71.99%、6.01%~50.99%,土壤有机质含量提高28.85%~54.14%、14.63%~36.38%;深松的效果显著好于传统翻耕。低、中、高产量水平地块采用深松,玉米的增产潜力分别为29.56%、25.37%、16.13%,采用传统翻耕分别为22.75%、16.96%、16.55%,采用深松的增产潜力大于采用翻耕。
    结论 内蒙古河套平原耕作措施由浅旋耕改为深松与传统翻耕,能显著改善低、中、高产肥力地块土壤的理化特性,并提高玉米产量,其中深松效果均好于传统翻耕。低肥力与中肥力水平下采取深松耕作效果最佳,高肥力水平下深松与传统翻耕均可。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Shallow rotary tillage is common way in the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. The long term use of the tillage method has led to shallow top soil layer, hard plough pan and deteriorative water capacity. Plowing and subsoiling were attempted in this paper as alternative tillage in the area, so as to provide reference for the choice of suitable tillage methods for the sustainable use of farmland.
    Methods The tested fields located in the Yellow River coast of Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, where the maize production relies on irrigation heavily. The fields with maize yield of low (LY, <7500 kg/hm2), middle (MY, 7500−12000 kg/hm2) and high level (HY, >12000 kg/hm2) were chosen, and rotary tillage (RT, 10−15 cm deep), plowing (F, 20−30 cm deep) and subsoiling tillage (S, 30−35 cm) were used in each yield level fields, forming a total of 9 treatments. Soil samples were collected in depth of 0−20, 20−35 and 35−50 cm in each plot. The soil bulk density, soil solid liquid gas, contents of water, total nitrogen, available P, readily available K and organic matter were measured, and the maize yields were investigated. The effects of subsoiling and plowing on soil quality and maize yield were compared with rotary tillage, and the yield increase potential using the two tillage methods were calculated.
    Results Compared with rotary tillage, both the subsoiling and plowing tillage improved soil physical and chemical characteristics and the yields of maize under different yield level farmland, and the effects were in order of subsoiling >plowing > shallow rotation. With the subsoiling and the plowing, soil moisture content was increased by 7.25%−32.11% and 5.36%−21.91%, soil bulk density was decreased by 5.23%−8.61% and 0.69%−4.91%, the R value of solid/liquid/gaseous phases of soil was decreased by 12.24%−89.97% and 7.30%−57.74%, total nitrogen content of soil was increased by 17.88%−55.60% and 9.81%−22.25%, available phosphorus contents were increased by 21.23%−41.26% and 10.84%−22.04%, readily available potassium contents were increased by 36.85%−71.99% and 6.01%−50.99%, and organic matter contents were increased by 28.85%−54.14% and 14.63%−36.38%. The yield increase potential of maize were 22.75%, 16.96%, 16.55% by using plowing tillage and were 29.56%, 25.37%, 16.13% by using subsoiling tillage in the farmlands with low, middle and high yield levels.
    Conclusions In Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia, replacing shallow rotary tillage with subsoiling and plowing tillage will be able to improve the physical and chemical properties of farmlands, and further increase maize yield significantly, the effect of subsoiling is better than that of plowing. The subsoiling performs well in low and medium yield level of farmlands, and both subsoiling and plowing perform well in high yield farmland.

     

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