• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李桂花, 郭俊娒, 姜慧敏, 张建峰. 有机肥和秸秆炭分别替代部分尿素和秸秆降低黑土温室效应的效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1566-1573. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18159
引用本文: 李桂花, 郭俊娒, 姜慧敏, 张建峰. 有机肥和秸秆炭分别替代部分尿素和秸秆降低黑土温室效应的效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1566-1573. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18159
LI Gui-hua, GUO Jun-mei, JIANG Hui-min, ZHANG Jian-feng. Partal substitution of urea and maize straw with manure and straw biochar decrease net greenhouse effect in black soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1566-1573. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18159
Citation: LI Gui-hua, GUO Jun-mei, JIANG Hui-min, ZHANG Jian-feng. Partal substitution of urea and maize straw with manure and straw biochar decrease net greenhouse effect in black soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1566-1573. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18159

有机肥和秸秆炭分别替代部分尿素和秸秆降低黑土温室效应的效果

Partal substitution of urea and maize straw with manure and straw biochar decrease net greenhouse effect in black soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 农田条件下研究用有机肥替代部分尿素、用秸秆生物炭替代秸秆对黑土有机质提升和温室气体排放的影响,为秸秆有效还田和“固碳减排”提供理论依据。
    方法 2013—2015年在东北典型春玉米区进行田间定位试验,所有处理采用相同方法施用同量磷钾化肥,磷肥为磷酸氢二铵 (P5O2 60 kg/hm2),钾肥为硫酸钾 (K2O 75 kg/hm2),在施用4 t/hm2玉米秸秆前提下,设置:1) 不施尿素氮 (N0);2) 尿素氮100% (N 165 kg/hm2,N1);3) 尿素氮60% + 有机肥氮20% + 缓释氮20% (N2)。另外,处理4) 除了用2 t/hm2玉米秸秆炭替代4 t/hm2玉米秸秆外,其他与N2一致 (N3)。各生育期测定生态系统温室气体 (CO2、N2O和CH4) 排放量,收获期测定作物产量和地上部生物量。
    结果 N1、N2、N3处理间玉米产量差异不显著。在等氮条件下,N1、N2、N3处理生态系统CO2排放分别为13170、10521、9994 kg/hm2,N2和N3处理降低CO2排放的效果显著好于N1,N2和N3处理差异不显著 (P < 0.05),N1、N2、N3处理N2O累积排放分别为6.092、6.597、3.604 kg/hm2,N3降低N2O累积排放的效果显著好于N1和N2处理;N1、N2、N3处理CH4累积排放分别为0.694、1.652、–2.107 kg/hm2,N3处理降低CH4累积排放的效果显著好于N1和N2处理。农田系统净碳收支 (NECB,除土壤固碳外,作物−土壤系统产生的碳收支,如作物光合、呼吸和产量移出等),N2处理为C 766.5 kg/hm2,是碳汇,而N1和N3处理是碳源 (C −621.3 kg/hm2和−673.3 kg/hm2)。当季作物尺度上用NECB估算的土壤固碳效应N1、N2和N3处理分别为C −142.9、176.3、1385.1 kg/hm2,N3处理土壤固碳效应显著好于N2和N1处理。在化肥生产和运输以及农事操作等投入产生的间接碳排放量方面,化肥氮是农业投入的主要碳源,分别占N1、N2和N3处理农业投入的73%、71%和66%。综合考虑农事操作带来的碳排放,化学品投入带来的碳排放,以及农田系统温室气体排放和土壤固碳的收支,综合净温室效应N1、N2、N3处理分别为2535.2、1488.2、–3769.7 CO2 eq. kg/hm2,只有N3处理是碳汇。
    结论 在供试黑土条件下,用有机肥替代部分化肥增加生态系统净碳收入;用秸秆生物炭替代秸秆显著增加土壤固碳效应、减少N2O排放;从综合净温室效应看,有机肥与秸秆生物炭分别替代部分化肥与秸秆“固碳减排”效果最佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Information on long-term impacts of partial substitution of urea, maize straw with manure and straw biochar on agro-ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions is lacking under field condition.
    Methods Partial substitution of urea, maize straw with manure and straw biochar was designed in a high fertile black soil under spring-maize in Heilongjiang Province, China from 2013 to 2015. Four treatments in quadruplicated plots were used: applying 4 t/hm2 of maize straw in N0, N1 and N2, and 2 t/hm2 maize straw biochar in N3; applying urea N 165 kg/hm2 for N1; applying 60% urea N + 20% manure N + 20% slow-released N for N2; The same N input with N2 was applied in N3 except straw biochar replacing maize straw. Greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O and CH4) emissions were measured during maize growth season. Maize yield, aboveground biomass and soil organic matter content in surface layer were measured after maize harvest.
    Results There was no significant difference in maize yield among fertilizer treatments. Under equal N input condition, CO2 emissions in N1, N2 and N3 were 13170, 10521 and 9994 kg/hm2, respectively. And N2 and N3 significantly decreased CO2 emission compared with N1 treatment (P < 0.05). The cumulative N2O emission in N1, N2 and N3 was 6.092, 6.597 and 3.604 kg/hm2, respectively. And N3 significantly decreased N2O emission compared with other treatments. The cumulative methane emissions in N1, N2 and N3 were 0.694, 1.652 and −2.107 kg/hm2, respectively. And the methane emission under N3 was significantly decreased compared with other treatments. Based on net carbon budget of agro-ecosystem (NECB), N2 (C 766.5 kg/hm2) was C sink, while N1 (C −621.3 kg/hm2) and N3 (C −673.3 kg/hm2) were C sources. One-season soil C sequestration potential estimated with NECB wasC −142.9, 176.3 and 1385.1 kg/hm2 in N1, N2 and N3, respectively. And the soil C sequestration potential under N3 was significantly larger than those of N2 and N1. Given carbon emission from farming practices and chemical inputs included, chemical N production was the main source, which contributed 73%, 71% and 66% to CO2 production from total agricultural management practices in N1, N2 and N3, respectively. Based on net global warming potential (Net GWP), which balancing CO2 emission from agricultural management, chemical inputs, greenhouse gas emissions and soil C sequestration, net CO2 emissions under N1, N2 and N3 were 2535.2, 1488.2 and –3769.7 CO2 eq. kg/hm2, respectively. This means only N3 treatment was C sink based on Net GWP.
    Conclusions In the black soil, partial substitution of chemical N with manure showed a positive potential for carbon budget in agro-ecosystem. Substitution of maize straw with straw biochar significantly increased soil C sequestration potential and decreased N2O emission. Therefore, combining manure and straw biochar was an efficient choice for improving soil C sequestration and mitigating greenhouse effect.

     

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