• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
申艳, 段英华, 黄绍敏, 郭斗斗, 张盛楠, 徐明岗. 潮土CaCl2-P含量对磷肥施用的响应及其淋失风险分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1689-1696. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18167
引用本文: 申艳, 段英华, 黄绍敏, 郭斗斗, 张盛楠, 徐明岗. 潮土CaCl2-P含量对磷肥施用的响应及其淋失风险分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1689-1696. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18167
SHEN Yan, DUAN Ying-hua, HUANG Shao-min, GUO Dou-dou, ZHANG Sheng-nan, XU Ming-gang. Response of CaCl2-P to phosphorus fertilization and leaching risk in fluvo-aquic soils[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1689-1696. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18167
Citation: SHEN Yan, DUAN Ying-hua, HUANG Shao-min, GUO Dou-dou, ZHANG Sheng-nan, XU Ming-gang. Response of CaCl2-P to phosphorus fertilization and leaching risk in fluvo-aquic soils[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1689-1696. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18167

潮土CaCl2-P含量对磷肥施用的响应及其淋失风险分析

Response of CaCl2-P to phosphorus fertilization and leaching risk in fluvo-aquic soils

  • 摘要:
    目的 土壤有效磷 (Olsen-P) 与可溶性磷 (CaCl2-P) 含量之间存在着平衡,研究磷肥施用量对潮土CaCl2-P和Olsen-P及其比值的影响,评价磷素的淋失风险,可为潮土区合理利用养分资源、减少磷肥投入和流失提供理论依据。
    方法 选择长期定位监测基地的5个处理 (对照、NPK、预备处理、NPKM和1.5NPKM处理,简称OP1、OP2、OP3、OP4、OP5),5个处理的土壤Olsen-P含量存在显著差异 (0.8、12.5、25.7、44.7、56.4 mg/kg),据此在每个处理上再设置5个施磷量水平 (F0、F1、F2、F3、F4),试验采取微区形式,随机区组设计,种植作物为夏玉米–冬小麦双季轮作。作物收获后,采集土壤样品,测定土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P含量,建立Olsen-P和CaCl2-P之间的定量关系。
    结果 土壤CaCl2-P含量为0.07~2.68 mg/kg,约为Olsen-P含量的0.5%~5.6%。短期高量磷肥施用可以显著提高土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P含量,但土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P的增加不同步。当土壤Olsen-P低于28.0 mg/kg时,CaCl2-P/Olsen-P比值随着Olsen-P的增加而降低,当Olsen-P增加至28.0 mg/kg后,CaCl2-P/Olsen-P比值随着Olsen-P的增加迅速增加,这表明磷肥施用首先提高土壤Olsen-P含量,Olsen-P增长到一定程度后CaCl2-P才迅速增加。土壤CaCl2-P和Olsen-P的关系符合双直线模型,突变点时土壤Olsen-P含量为30.2 mg/kg,对应的CaCl2-P含量为0.3 mg/kg。当土壤Olsen-P含量超过30.2 mg/kg时,土壤磷素淋失风险增加。
    结论 高量磷肥施用可以提高土壤CaCl2-P含量,促进作物对磷的吸收,但同时增加了土壤磷素的淋失风险。研究区土壤磷素淋失临界值为30.2 mg/kg,微区试验中超过50%的小区土壤Olsen-P含量已经超过磷素淋失临界值,存在磷素淋失风险,应加强农田磷肥的科学施用和管理。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilization on soil soluble P extracted by CaCl2 solution (CaCl2-P) in fluvo-aquic soils with different available P (Olsen-P) content and evaluate the leaching risk of soil P, in order to provide the theoretical reference on rational utilization of nutrients, reduction of chemical P fertilizer application and P loss from fluvo-aquic soils.
    Methods Five treatments with different Olsen-P content (0.8, 12.5, 25.7, 44.7, 56.4 mg/kg, here after referred as OP1, OP2, OP3, OP4, and OP5) from a long-term monitoring experiment were selected, and five rates of P fertilizer (F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4) were applied for each treatment. Micro-plots with random block design were established and a double cropping system was adopted in the experiment with both winter wheat and summer maize crops grown sequentially in every cropping year. After harvesting, soil samples were collected. Soil Olsen-P and CaCl2-P contents were measured and the relationship between Olsen-P and CaCl2-P was established.
    Results Soil CaCl2-P content was in the range of 0.07−2.68 mg/kg, accounting for 0.5%−5.6% of the soil Olsen-P. High amount of P fertilization in the short term significantly enhanced soil Olsen-P and CaCl2-P. However, the increment of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P was not synchronous. When soil Olsen-P was lower than 28.0 mg/kg, the ratio of CaCl2-P/Olsen-P decreased with the increase of Olsen-P, while the ratio of CaCl2-P/Olsen-P increased rapidly after soil Olsen-P was increased to 28.0 mg/kg, indicating that P fertilizer increased soil Olsen-P first and CaCl2-P increased rapidly after Olsen-P was increased to a certain level. The relationship between CaCl2-P and Olsen-P was fitted well with line-line model, with the change-point of 30.2 mg/kg for Olsen-P and 0.3 mg/kg for CaCl2-P, indicating that soil P leaching loss risk increased when soil Olsen-P was higher than 30.2 mg/kg.
    Conclusions High amount of P application improved soil CaCl2-P content, which on one hand facilitated the P uptake of crops, but on the other hand increased the leaching loss risk of soil P. In the study area, the soil P leaching loss threshold was 30.2 mg/kg. Soil Olsen-P content was higher than 30.2 mg/kg in more than 50% of plots in the microplot experiment. Therefore, scientific application and management of P fertilizer should be strengthened to decrease the leaching loss risk of soil P.

     

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