• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王齐齐, 徐虎, 马常宝, 薛彦东, 王传杰, 徐明岗, 张文菊. 西部地区紫色土近30年来土壤肥力与生产力演变趋势分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1492-1499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18188
引用本文: 王齐齐, 徐虎, 马常宝, 薛彦东, 王传杰, 徐明岗, 张文菊. 西部地区紫色土近30年来土壤肥力与生产力演变趋势分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1492-1499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18188
WANG Qi-qi, XU Hu, MA Chang-bao, XUE Yan-dong, WANG Chuan-jie, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju. Change of soil fertility and productivity of purple soil in Western China in recent 30 years[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1492-1499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18188
Citation: WANG Qi-qi, XU Hu, MA Chang-bao, XUE Yan-dong, WANG Chuan-jie, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju. Change of soil fertility and productivity of purple soil in Western China in recent 30 years[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1492-1499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18188

西部地区紫色土近30年来土壤肥力与生产力演变趋势分析

Change of soil fertility and productivity of purple soil in Western China in recent 30 years

  • 摘要:
    目的  紫色土在我国分布范围广泛,面积约1889 × 104 hm2,近年来紫色土面临着土壤肥力和质量下降等问题。本研究以我国西部地区的8个紫色土长期定位试验监测点为对象,对近30年来紫色土的养分和生产力数据进行分析,以期探明农民长期常规施肥管理模式下紫色土肥力的演变特征,为土壤养分的管理和可持续利用提供科学性的指导。
    方法  利用时间趋势分析和中值分析的方法,分别总结了紫色土土壤有机质 (SOM)、全氮 (TN)、有效磷 (AP)、速效钾 (AK)、pH、碳氮比以及小麦、玉米、甘薯产量在不同监测阶段的演变特征和总体变化趋势,分析了紫色土常规施肥管理模式下土壤养分和作物产量的变化趋势;运用主成分分析和冗余分析方法,分别对上述6个肥力因子和三种作物产量进行分析,探究了紫色土土壤肥力的主要贡献因子和紫色土作物产量的主要影响因子。
    结果  与初始监测阶段相比,29年常规施肥下紫色土有机质和全氮含量无显著变化,但有效磷和速效钾含量均以不同程度增加。土壤有效磷含量在 2011—2016 监测阶段的平均值为15.34 mg/kg,比初始监测阶段 (6.10 mg/kg) 显著提高了151.4%;土壤速效钾含量在 2011—2016 年的平均值比初始监测阶段 (1988—1992年) 增加了17.23 mg/kg (提高了23.1%)。29年常规施肥管理模式下紫色土pH呈现显著的下降趋势,比初始监测阶段降低了0.24个单位。主成分分析结果表明,紫色土土壤肥力的两个决定因子是土壤有效磷和速效钾,主要障碍因素是较低的土壤全氮和有机质含量。冗余分析结果表明,影响紫色土整体作物产量的主要环境因子分别为土壤pH、有效磷和有机质含量。对小麦产量影响最大的肥力因子为土壤pH,对玉米产量影响最大的肥力因子为土壤有效磷,对甘薯产量影响最大的肥力因子为土壤速效钾。
    结论  近29年来,在常规施肥管理模式下土壤有效磷和有效钾含量显著上升,一方面提高了玉米、甘薯生产力,但却导致了养分的不平衡,紫色土全氮含量和pH出现了下降,导致小麦产量出现下降风险。紫色土肥力的障碍因子是较低的土壤全氮和有机质含量。所以农民常规施肥不利于紫色土的培肥,应该注重平衡施肥,增施有机肥,在提高土壤磷和钾有效性的同时,保持土壤全氮和有机质的平衡。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  Purple soil is widely distributed in China with an area of about 1889 × 104 hm2. In this study, the fertility changes of purple soils under the long-term conventional fertilization management were analyzed, to provide scientific guidance for soil nutrient management and sustainable utilization.
    Methods  The 29 years’ data of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), pH, C/N and yields of wheat, maize, and sweet potato were collected from the 8 purple soil long-term monitoring sites. The variations were analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics analysis and median analysis. Principal component analysis and Redundancy analysis were used to explore the main contribution factors to soil fertility in the purple soil and the main factors influencing the crop yield.
    Results  After 29 years of conventional fertilization, the contents of organic matter and total N in the purple soil were generally kept stable, while the content of available P and K were increased to various degrees. During 2011−2016, the average AP (15.34 mg/kg) was significantly increased by 151.4% than initial stage (6.10 mg/kg), and the average AK content was increased by 17.23 mg/kg or 23.07% higher than that during 1988−1992. Soil pH was significantly decreased by 0.24 unit compared with the initials. The two determinants of soil fertility in purple soil were AP and AK, and the main limiting factors were low TN and SOM content. The redundancy analysis result showed that the main factors affecting crop yield in purple soil were soil pH, AP and SOM content. The redundancy analysis result showed that the most influential factors for yield of wheat, maize and sweet potato were soil pH, AP and AK in turn.
    Conclusions  After 29 years’ conventional fertilization management, yield of corn and sweet potato increased with the improvement of AP and AK, but it led to the imbalance of nutrients. The soil N and pH had been declining as the lack input of organic materials and unbalanced application of P and K fertilizers, and the wheat yield start to decline as the decreased soil pH. The limiting factors of purple soil fertility are lower soil total nitrogen and organic matter content. Therefore, cultivation of purple soil should pay more attention to increase application of organic fertilizers and maintain the soil fertility by applying crop residues.

     

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