• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘佳欢, 王倩, 罗人杰, 陈喜, 孙淑娟. 黄腐酸肥料对小麦根际土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1808-1816. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18363
引用本文: 刘佳欢, 王倩, 罗人杰, 陈喜, 孙淑娟. 黄腐酸肥料对小麦根际土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1808-1816. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18363
LIU Jia-huan, WANG Qian, LUO Ren-jie, CHEN Xi, SUN Shu-juan. Effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on microbial diversity and enzyme activity in wheat rhizosphere soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1808-1816. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18363
Citation: LIU Jia-huan, WANG Qian, LUO Ren-jie, CHEN Xi, SUN Shu-juan. Effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on microbial diversity and enzyme activity in wheat rhizosphere soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1808-1816. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18363

黄腐酸肥料对小麦根际土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响

Effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on microbial diversity and enzyme activity in wheat rhizosphere soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同用量黄腐酸肥料对根际土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响,为黄腐酸肥料的研究与应用提供理论依据。
    方法 以小麦为试验作物进行了盆栽试验。黄腐酸肥料的施用量 (含黄腐酸20.6%) 为0、2、6、10 g/kg,除CK外其他处理施等量复合肥 (N−P2O5−K2O 15–10–20),种子薄覆土壤后,再施入处理所需黄腐酸肥料。小麦播种40天后,采集小麦根际土壤,采用稀释平板涂抹法测定了土壤微生物种群数量,Biolog-Eco生态板测定了微生物功能多样性,常规方法测定了相关土壤酶活性。
    结果 黄腐酸肥料施用量为0、2 g/kg时小麦种子发芽率均为100%,而施用黄腐酸肥料6、10 g/kg时,种子发芽率分别为97%、91%,四个处理间差异不显著。施用黄腐酸肥料,土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著增加,在黄腐酸肥料施用量为6 g/kg 时达到最大值。施用黄腐酸肥料对四种土壤酶的活性均有促进作用,尤其对过氧化氢酶活性的促进作用最为显著。当黄腐酸肥料的施用量为10 g/kg时,小麦根际土壤中脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性均达到最大值。施用黄腐酸肥料6、10 g/kg,土壤微生物的总体活性,物种的丰富度和均匀度、群落的多样性以及根际土壤微生物呼吸强度显著增加,施用10 g/kg黄腐酸肥料时效果最佳。
    结论 在40天的试验周期内,施用黄腐酸肥料能有效增加土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,显著改善微生物群体功能,增加脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性。但是,只有在黄腐酸肥料施用量达6 g/kg后才有显著的效果。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study investigated the effects of fulvic acid fertilize application on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil enzymes with wheat, providing theoretical and data reference for the research and application of fulvic acid fertilizer.
    Methods In this study, wheat was used as the experimental crop and the application amount of fulvic acid fertilizer (20.6% fulvic acid content) was 0, 2, 6 and 10 g/kg. All treatments except CK were applied with the same amount of compound fertilizer (15–10–20). After the seeds were thinly covered with soil, the fulvic acid fertilizer that was needed for treatment was applied. After 40 days of wheat sowing, wheat rhizosphere soil was collected, and the number of soil microbial population was determined by dilution plate smear method, microbial functional diversity was determined by biolog-eco ecological plate, and soil enzyme activity was determined by conventional method.
    Results Within the application of 0 and 2 g/kg fulvic acid fertilizers, the germination rate of wheat seeds was 100%. However, the seed germination rate decreased about 3%, 9% when the application of fulvic acid fertilizer was 6 and 10 g/kg. There was no significant difference among the four treatments. With the application of fulvic acid fertilizer on the basis of compound fertilizer, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil increased significantly, and finally reached the maximum when the application amount of fulvic acid fertilizer reached 6 g/kg. The activity of four soil enzymes was promoted by fulvic acid fertilizer, especially for catalase, which was found the most significant effect. And the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, catalase and sucrase in wheat rhizosphere soil reached the maximum when the application amount of fulvic acid fertilizer reached 10 g/kg. Within the application of 6 g/kg, 10 g/kg fulvic acid fertilizer, the overall activity of soil microorganisms, species richness and evenness, diversity of community, and the respiration intensity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms were increased significantly. And when the application of fulvic acid fertilizer reached 10 g/kg, the best effect was obtained.
    Conclusions The research showed that the application of fulvic acid fertilizer within the 40 days experiment period increased effectively bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil, improved significantly the function of microbial population, and increased the activity of urease, acidic phosphatase, catalase and sucrose enzyme. However, significant results were achieved only when fulvic acid fertilizer was applied up to 6 g/kg.

     

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