不同分子量风化煤腐殖酸对玉米植株主要代谢物的影响

周丽平; 袁亮; 赵秉强; 李燕婷; 林治安

doi:10.11674/zwyf.18403

不同分子量风化煤腐殖酸对玉米植株主要代谢物的影响

Contents of the main metabolites in maize affected by humic acids with different molecular weight derived from weathered coal

摘要

摘要:
目的腐殖酸的分子量决定了其功能特性，研究不同分子量腐殖酸对玉米生长发育的影响，可为腐殖酸资源的高效利用提供理论依据。
方法选用‘郑单958’为供试玉米品种，以霍格兰营养液为基础溶液进行水培试验。选择分子量为 > 50 kDa (HA_H)、10 kDa～50 kDa (HA_M) 和 < 10 kDa (HA_L) 三种腐殖酸，添加量均为碳 10 mg/L，以不添加腐殖酸为对照 (CK)，共四个处理。幼苗生长20 d后收获，分为根、茎和叶样品，烘干称重，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 (型号VERTEX 70，德国Bruker公司) 检测玉米植株根、茎和叶的光谱特征。
结果腐殖酸处理玉米根、茎和叶的干物质重较对照分别显著提高了91.07%、89.27%和88.53%。三种腐殖酸处理，以小于10 kDa分子量腐殖酸 (HA_L) 对玉米植株生长的促进作用最大，根、茎和叶的干物质重分别提高了143.14%、123.41%和150.54%，其次为10～50 kDa分子量腐殖酸 (HA_M)，大于50 kDa分子量腐殖酸 (HA_H) 效果又次之。腐殖酸处理的玉米根系FTIR光谱在3420 cm^–1和1655 cm^–1波数附近的透射率均低于对照，茎FTIR光谱在3420 cm^–1和1655 cm^–1波数附近的透射率均高于对照，表明腐殖酸处理能增加玉米根系碳水化合物、蛋白质、多肽和氨基酸类物质的含量，减少其在茎中的积累，腐殖酸各处理玉米叶片在3420、2920、1735、1655、1518、1380、1250和1050 cm^–1波数附近的透射率均低于对照，小于10 kDa分子量腐殖酸表现尤为明显。这表明不同分子量 (尤其是小于10 kDa分子量) 腐殖酸能够增加玉米叶片碳水化合物、脂类物质、蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸类物质和核酸等的含量。
结论外源添加腐殖酸能够增加玉米干物质重，引起玉米植株不同器官中碳水化合物、脂类物质、蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸类物质及核酸发生变化，小分子量 (< 10 kDa) 的腐殖酸对玉米植株生长的促进作用大于大分子量的，在生产中应尽量选择小分子腐殖酸产品，以充分发挥其促生作用。

Abstract:
Objectives The molecular weight of humic acid determines its function. The effect difference of humic acids with different molecular weight was studied in this paper, in order to provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of humic acid in China.
Methods A hydroponic experiment was carried out using Hoagland nutrition solution as the basic cultural liquid and maize cultivar of ‘Zheng Dan 958’ as material. Three kinds of humic acids with molecular weight of > 50 kDa (HA_H), 10 kDa to 50 kDa (HA_M) and < 10 kDa (HA_L) were separately added into the cultural solution in ratio of 10 mg C/L, and with no humic acid addition as control (CK). Maize seedlings were grown for 20 days, then harvested. The whole plant was divided into root, stem and leaf, dried and weighed. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Bruker VERTEX 70) was applied to detect the contents of the main chemical components.
Results The addition of humic acid could significantly improve the dry weight of maize root, stem and leaf, which was increased by 91.07%, 89.27% and 88.53%, respectively, compared with the control. Among the three humic acids, the greatest promoting effect was obtained by HA_L, in which the dry weight of root, stem and leaf was increased by 143.14%, 123.41% and 150.54%, respectively; followed by HA_M and HA_L. The transmissivity of the FTIR spectrum with the wave lengths of 3420 cm^–1 and 1655 cm^–1 was lower in the humic acid treatments in the roots than that in the control, while those in stems were higher than in the control, indicating that humic acid could increase the content of carbohydrate, protein, polypeptide and amino acid in maize roots, and reduce their accumulation in stems. For the leaves treated with humic acid, the transmissivity of spectrum with wavelength of 3420, 2920, 1735, 1655, 1518, 1380, 1250 and 1050 cm^–1 in the humic acid treated leaves were all lower than those in the control, and those in HA_L were significantly lower than HA_M and HA_H.
Conclusions Exogenous addition of humic acid can increase the dry biomass and change the contents of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in maize. Humic acid with molecular weight of < 10 kDa performs better than that having larger molecular weight. So small molecular humic acid should be considered for the effective use of humic acid products in the practical production.

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