• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李盛婷, 杨城, 王冉, 黄万和, 王锋, 黄桂丹, 邱权, 李吉跃, 何茜. 草珊瑚植株表型对光照和氮素营养的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(8): 1441-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18481
引用本文: 李盛婷, 杨城, 王冉, 黄万和, 王锋, 黄桂丹, 邱权, 李吉跃, 何茜. 草珊瑚植株表型对光照和氮素营养的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(8): 1441-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18481
LI Sheng-ting, YANG Cheng, WANG Ran, HUANG Wan-he, WANG Feng, HUANG Gui-dan, QIU Quan, LI Ji-yue, HE Qian. Plant phenotype response of Sarcandra glabra to light intensity and nitrogen nutrition supply[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(8): 1441-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18481
Citation: LI Sheng-ting, YANG Cheng, WANG Ran, HUANG Wan-he, WANG Feng, HUANG Gui-dan, QIU Quan, LI Ji-yue, HE Qian. Plant phenotype response of Sarcandra glabra to light intensity and nitrogen nutrition supply[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(8): 1441-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18481

草珊瑚植株表型对光照和氮素营养的响应

Plant phenotype response of Sarcandra glabra to light intensity and nitrogen nutrition supply

  • 摘要:
    目的 草珊瑚 Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.)Nakai 是一种极具药用及观赏价值的多年生草本或亚灌木植物,氮素与光照强度均是植物生长发育过程中的关键性因素。本文研究了不同光照强度和氮素浓度下草珊瑚植株的形态特征、生物量积累及分配的变化,初步提出了草珊瑚人工栽培适宜的光氮组合。
    方法 以1年生草珊瑚为试验材料,在华南农业大学跃进北实验大棚内 (N23°09′58.80″ 、E113°21′46.00″,海拔高度约为60 m) 进行了盆栽试验。设定自然光照的80%(L1)、60%(L2)、40%(L3) 三个强度水平,施N 0(N0)、83.3 mg/kg(N1)、167 mg/kg(N2)、250 mg/kg(N3) 四个水平。幼苗于2016 年3月移栽,12 月取样监测了苗木苗高、地径、生物量、根系特征和叶片特征等指标。
    结果 草珊瑚形态指标中主根长、根尖数、苗高、地径、叶面积均在L2N2处理下达到最高,比叶面积在L2N1处理下达到最大。氮素水平一定时,根、茎、叶鲜重和干重均在L2光照水平下达到最大;光照强度一定时,其在N2水平下达到最大。生物量分配受氮素影响显著,受光照影响不显著,但光照和氮素有一定的交互作用。N0和N1水平的根系生物量占比和根冠比显著高于N2和N3水平;N2和N3水平的茎叶生物量占比及叶根生物量比均显著高于N0和N1水平;叶生物量占比在N2水平下显著高于其他氮水平,其在N2水平下,L2光照水平的叶生物量和叶根比达到最大;形态参数对光照强度和氮浓度变化的可塑性指标PI = 0.38、PI = 0.37;生物量积累对氮浓度变化的可塑性指标PI = 0.43,是光照强度对其影响的表型可塑性的1.65倍;生物量分配的表型可塑性参数PI = 0.19,是其对光照响应的3.80倍。
    结论 草珊瑚有较好的氮浓度变化适应性,即当氮浓度在试验范围内变化较大时,草珊瑚仍能较好地适应性生长,对光照强度变化的可塑性较低,即当光照强度在试验范围内变化较大时,不利于草珊瑚的生长,对光照强度变化适应性低。在60%自然光+施氮167 mg/kg土组合处理下草珊瑚生长最佳,有利于提高草珊瑚产量。草珊瑚应对不同光氮环境的策略主要是通过调整根茎叶的形态特征来适应光照及氮素的变化,且主要通过调整根、茎、叶生物量的积累及分配来适应氮素的变化。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Sarcandra glabra, perennial herb or subshrub plant, is well known for its medicinal and ornamental value. Both nitrogen and light intensity play very important role in its growth and development. In this paper, the morphological characteristics, biomass accumulation and distribution of S. glabra under different light intensities and nitrogen supply rates were studied, and the suitable light-nitrogen combinations for artificial cultivation of S. glabra were preliminarily proposed.
    Methods Taking annual S. glabra as the experiment material, a pot experiment was carried out in South China Agricultural University (N23°09'58.80", E113°21'46.00", at an altitude of about 60 m). Three intensity levels of natural light of 80% (L1), 60% (L2) and 40% (L3) were setup, and four nitrogen rates of 0 (N0), 83.3 mg/kg (N1), 167 mg/kg (N2) and 250 mg/kg (N3) were applied under each light treatment. The seedlings were transplanted in March 2016, and the seedling height, ground diameter, biomass, root characteristics and leaf characteristics of the seedlings were monitored in December.
    Results The main root length, root tip number, seedling height, ground diameter and leaf area of S. glabra reached the highest under L2N2 treatment, and the specific leaf area reached the maximum under L2N1 treatment. At the same nitrogen level, both the fresh and dry weight of roots, stems and leaves reached the maximum under L2 treatment; under the same light intensity, they reached the maximum in the N2 treatment. Biomass allocation was significantly affected by N rate instead of light intensity, however, there was a certain interaction between light and nitrogen. The percentage of root biomass in total plant and the root to shoot ratios in treatments of N0 and N1 were significantly higher than those in N2 and N3 ones, while the percentages of stems and leaves biomass and the ratio of leaf to root were significantly higher in N2 and N3 treatments than in N0 and N1 treatments. Leaf biomass was significantly higher in N2 treatment than in other treatmen, and the leaf biomass and leaf to root ratio of L2 treatment were the highest under N2 treatment. The plasticity indexes of morphological parameters for changes in light intensity and nitrogen concentration were PIlight = 0.38 and PInitrogen = 0.37, respectively. The plasticity index of biomass accumulation to nitrogen concentration change was PInitrogen = 1.43, which was 1.65 times of that of light intensity. The phenotypic plasticity parameter of biomass allocation, PInitrogen = 0.19, which was 3.80 times of that light.
    Conclusions Under the experimental conditions, S. glabra has better adaptability to nitrogen concentration change, that is, when the nitrogen concentration changes greatly within the experimental range, S. glabra can still grow better adaptively. The plasticity of the change of light intensity is low, that is, when the light intensity changes greatly within the experimental range, it is not conducive to the growth of S. glabra, and the adaptability to changes in light intensity is low. Under the combination of 60% natural light + nitrogen application 167 mg/kg, S. glabra grows best, which is beneficial to increase S. glabra production. The strategy of S. glabra to cope with different light-nitrogen environments is to adapt to the changes of light and nitrogen by adjusting the morphological characteristics of roots and stems, and to adapt to the changes of nitrogen by adjusting the accumulation and distribution of root and leaf biomass.

     

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