• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
张静静, 白由路, 杨俐苹, 卢艳丽, 王磊, 李格, 张银杰. 喷施γ-聚谷氨酸提高夏玉米产量和养分吸收的机制[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(11): 1856-1867. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19073
引用本文: 张静静, 白由路, 杨俐苹, 卢艳丽, 王磊, 李格, 张银杰. 喷施γ-聚谷氨酸提高夏玉米产量和养分吸收的机制[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(11): 1856-1867. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19073
ZHANG Jing-jing, BAI You-lu, YANG Li-ping, LU Yan-li, WANG Lei, LI Ge, ZHANG Yin-jie. Mechanism of spraying γ-poly glutamic acid increasing yield and nutrient uptake of summer maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(11): 1856-1867. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19073
Citation: ZHANG Jing-jing, BAI You-lu, YANG Li-ping, LU Yan-li, WANG Lei, LI Ge, ZHANG Yin-jie. Mechanism of spraying γ-poly glutamic acid increasing yield and nutrient uptake of summer maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(11): 1856-1867. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19073

喷施γ-聚谷氨酸提高夏玉米产量和养分吸收的机制

Mechanism of spraying γ-poly glutamic acid increasing yield and nutrient uptake of summer maize

  • 摘要:
    目的 探明γ-聚谷氨酸 (γ-PGA) 促进夏玉米生长和养分吸收利用的调控机制,为其在玉米生产中的科学使用提供技术指导和理论依据。
    方法 以玉米品种郑单958为试材,于2017和2018年在河北廊坊进行了田间试验。在两个氮肥水平下,即常规用量 (N 180 kg/hm2) 和减量30% (N 126 kg/hm2),分别喷施γ-PGA或谷氨酸两种增效剂 (剂量分别为0、37.5、150 g/hm2),共10个处理。在玉米5个关键生育期采集植株样品,测定植株干物质积累和氮磷钾养分含量,并于收获期测定了玉米籽粒产量。
    结果 1) 两种增效剂处理的夏玉米穗粒数、产量、干物质和养分积累量存在显著差异,喷施γ-PGA效果显著优于喷施谷氨酸。与清水对照相比,喷施γ-PGA可通过提高穗粒数来实现增产,干物质积累总量显著增加,且主要促进开花前后的干物质积累,氮磷钾积累总量也有显著增加,两个剂量间无明显差异。喷施谷氨酸与清水对照的效果无明显差异。2) 常规施氮水平下,与清水对照相比,喷施低量γ-PGA干物质积累总量显著增加5.08%,但增产作用不明显;而喷施高量γ-PGA的处理虽然干物质积累总量增加不明显,但穗粒数明显增加,产量显著增加3.42%,两剂量处理氮磷钾积累量均显著增加,增幅分别为5.20%~6.97%、7.29%~10.85%、3.48%~5.27%;减氮30%水平下,喷施高量γ-PGA处理穗粒数提高,产量显著增加3.07%,而低量处理的穗粒数和百粒重均有明显提高,并显著增产,两剂量下干物质和钾积累总量分别显著增加6.48%~7.93%、4.36%~6.12%,而低量处理氮磷积累量分别显著增加8.41%、11.94%,显著高于高量处理。两种施氮水平下,谷氨酸处理各指标与对照均无明显差异。3) 高产年份 (2017年) ,喷施高量γ-PGA显著增产2.54%,低量处理增产不明显,两个喷施剂量均显著增加干物质和氮磷钾积累总量;低产年份 (2018年) ,两个剂量γ-PGA处理的产量均显著增加,增幅分别达4.37%、4.14%,低量处理均显著增加干物质和养分积累量,且显著高于高量处理。对谷氨酸处理而言,仅在2018年低量处理通过增加百粒重使得产量显著增加,但效果低于γ-PGA处理。
    结论 喷施γ-PGA促进夏玉米开花前后干物质积累,提高干物质和养分积累总量,增加穗粒数提高产量,而喷施谷氨酸无明显效果。可见,γ-PGA的增产增效并非主要是由于分解的谷氨酸起作用。减氮30%水平下喷施γ-PGA的增产增效作用大于常规施氮,且常规施氮水平下喷施高量γ-PGA的增产效果更好,而减氮30%水平下喷施低量γ-PGA的效果更好,表现为喷施低量γ-PGA处理 > 常规施氮对照 > 减氮30%对照,说明减氮30%下喷施低量γ-PGA能达到减肥增效的目的。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The experiment was conducted to study the regulatory effects of γ-poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the growth and nutrients uptake of summer maize to provide technical guidance and theoretical basis for scientific use of γ-PGA in summer maize.
    Methods The treatment factors included two nitrogen levels normal nitrogen (N 180 kg/hm2) and 30% nitrogen reduction (N 126 kg/hm2), two synergists (γ-PGA and glutamic acid), and three dosage levels, low (37.5 g/hm2) and high (150 g/hm2) and clear water control (0 g/hm2). Measurements included summer maize dry matter accumulation, dynamic change of NPK, and yield traits.
    Results 1) There were significant differences between different synergists in the grain number per ear, yield, dry matter, and nutrient accumulation of summer maize. With spraying both low and high dose γ-PGA treatments, compared with clear water controls, higher yields were achieved by increasing the grain number per ear, and significantly promoting the accumulation of dry matter especially from flare opening stage to silking stage. The accumulation of N, P, K also increased significantly. There was no significant difference between two doses. The treatments with glutamic acid had no significant effects when compared with water control. 2) Under normal nitrogen level, compared with clear water control, the treatment with low-dose γ-PGA increased the total dry matter accumulation by 5.08% but had no significant effect on yield, while the high-dose treatment increased the yield by 3.42% with greater grain number but no significantly greater amount of dry matter accumulation. Both low and high dose treatments increased N, P, K accumulation by 5.20%–6.97%, 7.29%–10.85%, 3.48%–5.27%, respectively. At the 30% reduction of nitrogen level, the treatment with the high-dose γ-PGA increased the yield by 3.07% with greater grain number, while the low-dose treatment increased grain number per ear, grain weight and yield. For both treatments, the total accumulation of dry matter and potassium were increased by 6.48%–7.93% and 4.36%–6.12%. The low-dose treatment increased the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus by 8.41% and 11.94%, which were also significantly higher than those of high-dose treatment. There was no significant difference in all indexes of glutamate treatments under the two nitrogen levels. 3) In the high-yielding year (2017), the high-dose treatment with γ-PGA increased the yield by 2.54%, while the low-dose treatment had no significant effect on the yield. In terms of the total accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the increase was all significant. In the low yield year (2018), the yield of the low and high dose γ-PGA treatments was increased by 4.37% and 4.14%, respectively; and the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients of low dose treatment were significantly higher than those of control and the high dose treatment. For the glutamic acid treatment, only the low-dose treatment in 2018 significantly increased the yield by increasing the grain weight, but the effect was lower than that of γ-PGA.
    Conclusions The application of γ-PGA can promote dry matter accumulation after flowering and increase the total weight of dry matter and nutrient accumulation, and increase the yield mainly by increasing the grain number per ear of summer maize, while the application of glutamic acid has no significant effect. The major effects are not because of the decomposition of L-glutamic acid. Under 30% reduction of nitrogen, γ-PGA has a greater effect than that under normal nitrogen level. Under normal nitrogen level, the treatment with high dose γ-PGA has a better effect; while under 30% reduction nitrogen, the low dose treatment has a better effect. In addition, under 30% reduction of nitrogen, spraying low dose γ-PGA can achieve the goal of increasing efficiency while reducing fertilizer rate.

     

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