聚氨酯包膜和喷涂诱抗剂提高滨海盐化潮土玉米产量和磷肥利用率的协同效应

赵洪猛; 杨贵婷; 刘之广; 张民; 王庆彬; 王怀利; 杨子江

doi:10.11674/zwyf.19106

聚氨酯包膜和喷涂诱抗剂提高滨海盐化潮土玉米产量和磷肥利用率的协同效应

Synergism of polyureathane coating and elicitor spraying to increase phosphorus efficiency and maize yield in coastal salinized flavo-aquic soil

摘要

摘要:
目的本研究旨在探究包膜磷肥配施植物诱抗剂宛氏拟青霉 (Paecilomyces variotii) 代谢产物对盐化潮土玉米产量及磷素利用率的影响，以期为滨海盐化潮土磷肥高效利用提供技术参考和理论依据。
方法以夏玉米‘郑单958’为供试作物，以滨海盐化潮土为供试土壤进行了盆栽试验。试验以不施磷肥为对照 (CK)，设置正常施磷 (1.80 g/pot) 和减施20%磷 (1.44 g/pot) 2个水平；4个供试磷肥包括普通磷酸二铵 (DM)、普通磷酸二铵配施诱抗剂 (PE + DM)、聚氨酯包膜磷酸二铵 (C-DM)、包膜磷酸二铵配施诱抗剂 (PE + C-DM)，共9个处理。在玉米播种后58天收集根际土壤，测定酶活性和有效磷含量；采集最大功能叶片，测定相关的淀粉酶、光合酶活性。收获后，采集土壤样品，测定有效磷含量；测定玉米植株的生物量、产量和磷含量。
结果等量磷条件下，与DM处理相比，C-DM可显著增产5.89%～10.10%，提高磷肥利用率6.8～8.1个百分点；PE + DM可显著增产7.46%～9.31%，磷肥利用率提高4.8～6.2个百分点，根际土壤磷酸酶活性提高17.65%～27.90%；PE + C-DM显著增产7.78%～16.30%，磷肥利用率提高8.8～14.0个百分点。减磷20%时，包膜和喷涂诱抗剂有协同增效的作用。与C-DM和PE + DM处理相比，PE + C-DM显著提高根际土壤磷酸酶活性21.8%、11.7%，提高丙酮酸磷酸双激酶活性33.3%、14.3%，提高AGPase活性75.5%、47.6%，提高播种后58和103天土壤有效磷含量33.7%、19.4%和15.0%、26.1%，产量与常规磷量下 (1.80 g/pot) 的DM处理差异不显著，实现减肥稳产。
结论本研究条件下，包膜磷酸二铵配施诱抗剂可提高玉米关键生育期根际土壤磷酸酶活性，增强土壤磷素供应强度，提高叶片光合酶、淀粉酶活性，进而提高磷肥利用率，在减磷20%条件下，依然保持稳产。

Abstract:
Objectives In order to increase the efficiency utilization of phosphate fertilizer in coastal salinized flavo-aquic soil, the syngism of spraying plant elicitor, Paecilomyces variotii metabolite,and coating diammonia phosphate with polyureathane were studied in htis paper.
Methods A pot experiment was carried out using summer maize cultivar 'Zhengdan 958' as test crop and coastal salinized flavo-aquic soil as the test soil. No phosphorus application was used as control, and two P application levles were set up (normal, 1.80 g/pot and 20% reduction,1.44 g/pot). Four phosphorous fertilizer treatments included as: diammonium phosphate (DM), DM pluyspraying elicitor (PE + DM), coated DM (C-DM), coated DM pluyspraying elicitor (PE + C-DM), making a total of 9 treatments. At the 58 days after sowing, rhizosphere soil samples were collected for determiantion of soil acide phosphatase activity and available P contents, and the biggest founctional leaf samples were collected for the measurement of activities of photothysetic related enzymes. At harvest, the biomass, yield and P contents of maize plants were investigated, and the soil available nutrient contents in maize rhizosphere were measured.
Results Under the same P input level and compared with DM, C-DM could significantly increase yield by 5.89%–10.10%, P use efficiency by 6.8–8.1 percentage points; PE + DM could significantly increase yield by 7.46%–9.31%, P use efficiency by 4.8–6.2 percentage points, acid phosphatase activity in maize rhizosphere by 17.65%–27.90%; PE + C-DM significantly increased yield by 7.78%–16.30%, P use efficiency by 8.8–14.0 percentage points.When P input was reduced by 20%, coating and spraying elicitor showed synergism. Compared with C-DM and PE + DM, PE + C-DM significantly increased acid pohosphatase activity in rhizosphere by 21.8% and 11.7%, pyruvate dikinase activity by 33.3% and 14.3%, AGPase activity by 75.5% and 47.6%; increased soil available P contents by 33.7%, 19.4% and 15.0%, 26.1% at the 58 and 103 days after sowing, and the yield in PE + C-DM was not significantly different from that in DM under normal P (1.80 g/pot) put treatment.
Conclusions Under the tested conditions, coating diammonium phosphate with polyureathane and combined with spraying elicitor on soil surface could increase the activity of phosphatase in rhizosphere soil during the key growth period of maize, enhance the supply intensity of soil phosphorus, and increase the activities of photosynthase and amylase in leaves, so improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer. When the phosphorus input was reduced by 20%, the maize yield could maintain stable with the two measurement.

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