• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王远鹏, 黄晶, 柳开楼, 韩天富, 都江雪, 马星竹, 郝小雨, 周宝库, 刘彩文, 蒋先军, 张会民. 东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力评价及其空间变异[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(2): 256-266. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19128
引用本文: 王远鹏, 黄晶, 柳开楼, 韩天富, 都江雪, 马星竹, 郝小雨, 周宝库, 刘彩文, 蒋先军, 张会民. 东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力评价及其空间变异[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(2): 256-266. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19128
WANG Yuan-peng, HUANG Jing, LIU Kai-lou, HAN Tian-fu, DU Jiang-xue, MA Xing-zhu, HAO Xiao-yu, ZHOU Bao-ku, LIU Cai-wen, JIANG Xian-jun, ZHANG Hui-min. Evaluation and spatial variability of paddy soil fertility in typical county of northeast China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(2): 256-266. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19128
Citation: WANG Yuan-peng, HUANG Jing, LIU Kai-lou, HAN Tian-fu, DU Jiang-xue, MA Xing-zhu, HAO Xiao-yu, ZHOU Bao-ku, LIU Cai-wen, JIANG Xian-jun, ZHANG Hui-min. Evaluation and spatial variability of paddy soil fertility in typical county of northeast China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(2): 256-266. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19128

东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力评价及其空间变异

Evaluation and spatial variability of paddy soil fertility in typical county of northeast China

  • 摘要:
    目的 明确东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力空间变异特征,为该区域稻田土壤合理培肥管理提供科学依据。
    方法 以黑龙江省方正县为研究区域,2017年在该研究区域采取114个代表性点位的稻田土壤,选取容重、pH、全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、有机质含量和阳离子交换量作为土壤综合肥力评价指标,采用相关系数法确定各个指标的权重,根据东北稻田土壤特征,选择隶属度函数曲线,并确定隶属度函数转折点,依据模糊数学法的加乘原理,利用各土壤肥力指标的权重值和隶属度值计算土壤综合肥力指数;采用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,确定各项肥力指标和综合肥力指数的空间变异特征和分布格局;通过主成分分析探究土壤肥力差异的主控因子。
    结果 描述性统计分析表明,方正县稻田土壤综合肥力指数在0.18~0.99,平均值为0.60。土壤容重和pH的变异系数分别为9.15%和5.69%,属于弱变异强度,其他肥力指标的变异系数在20.01%~36.18%,属于中等变异强度。地统计学研究表明,土壤容重、全氮含量、有机质含量和阳离子交换量的块金系数在39%~50%,它们具有中等强度的空间自相关性,土壤pH、有效磷含量、速效钾含量和综合肥力指数的块金系数均在25%以下,它们具有强烈的空间自相关性。方正县土壤综合肥力指数值在0.70以上的稻田占16%,在0.60~0.70的稻田占45%。各个肥力指标中,土壤有效磷含量和速效钾含量的分布特征与综合肥力指数相似,呈南高北低的分布格局;土壤pH和阳离子交换量由稻区中部向南北方向逐渐降低;土壤容重由西北向东南呈逐渐降低的趋势;土壤有机质和全氮含量均表现为由东南向西北逐渐降低的趋势,土壤有机质含量在30 g/kg以上的稻田占比为97%,土壤全氮含量在1.5 g/kg以上的稻田占比为84%;其中北部蚂蚁河沿岸土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量相对较低。利用主成分分析得到各项肥力指标的综合得分值由大到小依次为:土壤有效磷含量、速效钾含量、有机质含量、阳离子交换量、全氮含量、pH和容重。
    结论 方正县61%的稻田土壤肥力处于中等及以上水平,稻田土壤肥力整体呈现出南高北低的分布格局。土壤有效磷和速效钾含量是造成土壤肥力差异的主要因子。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The paper studied the spatial variability of paddy soil fertility in typical county of northeast China, aiming to provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization management of paddy soil in this region.
    Methods The study was conducted in Fangzheng County of Heilongjiang Province, where total of 114 representative paddy soil samples were taken in 2017. Soil bulk density, pH, total N content, available P content, available K content, organic matter content and CEC were selected as factors of soil fertility evaluation. The correlation coefficient method was used to determine the weight of each factor. According to the characteristics of the paddy soil in northeast China, appropriate membership function curves and turning points were selected to determine membership values. According to the multiplication principle of fuzzy mathematics, the soil integrated fertility index was calculated by weight values and membership values. The spatial variability and distribution pattern of fertility factors and integrated fertility index were determined by the combination of GIS and geostatistics. Principal component analysis was used to explore the contribution factors of soil fertility difference.
    Results The integrated fertility index of paddy fields in Fangzheng County was between 0.18 and 0.99, with an average of 0.60. The coefficient of variation (CV) of soil bulk density and pH were 9.15% and 5.69%, respectively, which belonged to weak variation intensity. The CV of other fertility factors ranged from 20.01% to 36.18%, belonging to moderate variation intensity. The nugget coefficients of soil bulk density, total N content, organic matter content and CEC were between 39% and 50%, which belonged to moderate spatial autocorrelation. The nugget coefficients of soil pH, available P content, available K content and integrated fertility index were below 25%, belonging to strong spatial autocorrelation. There was 16% of paddy fields with soil integrated fertility index value above 0.70, and 45% ranging from 0.60 to 0.70. The soil integrated fertility index was high in the south and low in the north, accordant to the distribution of available P and K content in soil. Soil pH and CEC decreased gradually in the paddy fields from middle to the north-south direction, and soil bulk density decreased gradually from northwest to southeast. The proportion of paddy fields with organic matter content above 30 g/kg was 97%, and that of paddy fields with soil total N content above 1.5 g/kg was 84%. The contents of total N, available P, available K and organic matter in the soil along the northern Ant River were relatively low. The general scores of fertility factors obtained by principal component analysis were as follows: soil available P content, available K content, organic matter content, CEC, total N content, pH and bulk density.
    Conclusions The soil fertility of 61% of paddy fields in Fangzheng County is at medium or above level, and the paddy field fertility generally high in the south and low in the north. Soil available P and K content are the main factors causing differences in soil fertility.

     

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