• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
张瑜, 赵剑波, 任飞, 王尚德, 王真, 李新越, 郑志琴, 郑书旗, 姜全, 郭继英. 果实膨大期不同施氮量对油桃产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3): 581-586. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19144
引用本文: 张瑜, 赵剑波, 任飞, 王尚德, 王真, 李新越, 郑志琴, 郑书旗, 姜全, 郭继英. 果实膨大期不同施氮量对油桃产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3): 581-586. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19144
ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Jian-bo, REN Fei, WANG Shang-de, WANG Zhen, LI Xin-yue, ZHENG Zhi-qin, ZHENG Shu-qi, JIANG Quan, GUO Ji-ying. Yield and quality response of nectarine to different nitrogen topdressing amounts at fruit expanding stage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(3): 581-586. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19144
Citation: ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Jian-bo, REN Fei, WANG Shang-de, WANG Zhen, LI Xin-yue, ZHENG Zhi-qin, ZHENG Shu-qi, JIANG Quan, GUO Ji-ying. Yield and quality response of nectarine to different nitrogen topdressing amounts at fruit expanding stage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(3): 581-586. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19144

果实膨大期不同施氮量对油桃产量和品质的影响

Yield and quality response of nectarine to different nitrogen topdressing amounts at fruit expanding stage

  • 摘要:
    目的 桃园施肥过量不仅导致资源浪费和环境问题,还会影响桃树的正常生长。在果实膨大期,果实体积和重量迅速增大,果实重量的增加占总果重的50%~70%,果实膨大期是影响果实着色和内在品质形成的关键期,探究此阶段适宜的施氮量,对降低氮肥施用量、提高果实产量和品质有重要意义。
    方法 田间试验在北京市林业果树科学研究院果树生长良好的果园进行,试材为早熟油桃品种‘夏至早红’。设置0、100、200、400 kg/hm2 4个氮 (N) 水平,即N0、N1、N2和N3处理。2016年供试氮肥1/2为普通尿素,1/2为15N丰度为5.18%的尿素;2017年供试氮肥均为普通尿素。氮肥在果实膨大期于桃树两侧沟施。在果实成熟期取样,调查桃单株果实产量、单果重、果实可溶性固形物、果实还原糖和总酸、叶片SPAD值、新梢长度、各器官Ndff值。
    结果 桃单株果实产量和单果重在施氮量200 kg/hm2(N2) 处理下最高,与N3处理没有显著差异,二者单果重均显著高于N0和N1处理。随着施氮量的增加,果实可溶性固形物含量先上升后下降。果实还原糖和总酸含量与果实膨大期施氮量呈正相关。2016年6月8日之后,N2和N3处理叶片SPAD值显著高于N0和N1处理 (除6月15日,N1与N2、N3处理无显著差异外)。2016年新梢长度随着施氮量的增加而增长,N3处理新梢长度显著高于其它3个处理;2017年N2和N3处理新梢长度显著高于N0和N1处理。随着施氮量的增加,叶片、枝条、果实的Ndff值均增加。
    结论 适量施氮 (N 200 kg/hm2) 能够提高果实产量,在此基础上再增加氮肥用量 (N 400 kg/hm2),增产效果不明显。果实膨大期施氮可促进于新生器官 (新梢) 的建成,高施氮量能够加快新梢生长。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Excessive fertilization in nectarine orchard has caused a great waste of resources and environmental problems, and affected the normal growth and development of nectarine trees. During fruit expanding stage, the fruit volume and weight increase rapidly, and the increase of fruit weight accounts for 50% to 70% of the total fruit weight, and the fruit color and internal quality are onset as well. Therefore, the appropriate nitrogen (N) application rate during the stage was studied.
    Methods The field experiment was conducted in nectarine orchard of Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences using ‘Xiazhizaohong’ nectarine as the test material. Four N application level treatments were setup as 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg/hm2, namely N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively. The used N fertilizer was 50% urea and 50% urea-15N in 2016 and 100% urea in 2017, and was applied during fruit expansion stage. Fruit and shoot samples were collected at maturing stage, the fruit yield, single fruit weight and quality, leaf SPAD value, the length of new shoot and the Ndff in the organs of nectarine tree were measured at maturity stage.
    Results The single tree yield and single fruit weight were similar under N rate of 200 and 400 kg/hm2, and the single fruit weight under the two N rates were all significantly higher than under N rate of 0 and 100 kg/hm2. With the increase of nitrogen application, the content of soluble solids first increased and then decreased. Reducing sugar and total acid were positively correlated with nitrogen application during fruit expanding stage. After June 8 of 2016, the SPAD of N2 and N3 treatments were significantly higher than those of N0 and N1 treatments (except June 15, there was no significant difference among N1, N2, N3). In 2016, the new shoot length of N3 treatment was significantly greater than those of the other three treatments. In 2017, the new shoot length of N2 and N3 treatment was significantly greater than that of N0 and N1 treatment. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the Ndff of leaves, new shoot and fruits increased.
    Conclusions The appropriate application amount of nitrogen (200 kg/hm2) could increase the fruit yield and qualities, and further increase the supply of nitrogen fertilizer (400 kg/hm2), the effect of increasing yield is not obvious. The nitrogen applied during fruit expanding stage can be used for the establishment of new shoot, and high nitrogen application could accelerate the new shoot growth and the allocation of nitrogen to the new shoot.

     

/

返回文章
返回