• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
姚媛媛, 王晓琪, 杨越超, 程冬冬, 陈宝成, 刘燕, 唐亚福, 马金昭. 控释尿素与黄腐酸提高稻麦轮作系统产量和效益的协同效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2122-2132. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19343
引用本文: 姚媛媛, 王晓琪, 杨越超, 程冬冬, 陈宝成, 刘燕, 唐亚福, 马金昭. 控释尿素与黄腐酸提高稻麦轮作系统产量和效益的协同效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2122-2132. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19343
YAO Yuan-yuan, WANG Xiao-qi, YANG Yue-chao, CHENG Dong-dong, CHEN Bao-cheng, LIU Yan, TANG Ya-fu, MA Jin-zhao. Yield and economic profit synergism of controlled release urea and fulvic acid in rice–wheat rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2122-2132. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19343
Citation: YAO Yuan-yuan, WANG Xiao-qi, YANG Yue-chao, CHENG Dong-dong, CHEN Bao-cheng, LIU Yan, TANG Ya-fu, MA Jin-zhao. Yield and economic profit synergism of controlled release urea and fulvic acid in rice–wheat rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2122-2132. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19343

控释尿素与黄腐酸提高稻麦轮作系统产量和效益的协同效应

Yield and economic profit synergism of controlled release urea and fulvic acid in rice–wheat rotation system

  • 摘要:
    目的 控释尿素和黄腐酸均已被证实可以提高作物的养分吸收和肥料利用率。本试验研究了控释尿素与黄腐酸配合施用进一步提升肥料效益的效果。
    方法 在山东济南粘质水稻土上进行水稻–小麦轮作田间小区试验。试验设不施氮 (CK)、普通尿素 (U)、控释尿素 (CR-U)、控释尿素减量40% (60% CR-U)、控释尿素配施黄腐酸 (CR-U+F) 和控释尿素减量40%配施黄腐酸 (60% CR-U+F) 6个处理。于水稻和小麦苗期、拔节期、灌浆期/抽穗期和完熟期采集植株和土壤样品,测定植株叶片光合特性、氮素吸收量和籽粒产量,以及土壤pH和有效氮、磷、钾养分含量。
    结果 1) 在水稻季和小麦季,CR-U处理较U处理显著增产10.5%和9.8%,氮素利用率分别提高了64.8%和42.0%,农学效率提升了52.2%和47.1%,周年经济效益增加2804元/hm2。2) CR-U+F处理较CR-U处理的水稻产量显著增加7.3%,氮素利用率显著提高32.5%;在小麦季产量显著增加4.4%,氮素利用率显著提高18.3%。60% CR-U+F处理较60% CR-U处理显著提高小麦产量5.0%,但对于水稻无显著增产作用。3) 周年经济效益方面,CR-U+F处理较CR-U处理增收2337元/hm2;60% CR-U+F处理较60% CR-U处理增收1823元/hm2,较U处理经济效益也提高了547元/hm2
    结论 综合稻麦轮作系统周年数据,控释尿素显著提高稻麦关键生育期的叶片光合速率,黄腐酸降低了作物蒸腾速率,提高作物对氮素的利用率。控释尿素与黄腐酸配施后二者协同增效作用显著,大幅提升稻麦产量、氮素利用率和经济效益,从而实现了养分的高效利用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Controlled-release urea and fulvic acids have been proved to raise yield and fertilizer efficiencies in rice and wheat production. Their synergism was studied in this paper for further improving fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield.
    Methods A field plot experiment was conducted in the rice wheat rotation system on paddy soil in Jinan, Shandong Province. The experiment treatments included no nitrogen fertilizer control (CK), common urea (U), controlled-release urea (CR-U), controlled-release urea plus fulvic acid (CR-U+F), and 40% less CR-U (60% CR-U) and 40% less CR-U+F (60% CR-U+F). At the seedling, jointing, grain-filling/heading, ripening stage of wheat and rice, plant and soil samples were collected to measure photosynthetic rate, soil nitrogen contents, soil pH, available P and K contents, and the yield.
    Results Compared with U treatment, CR-U treatment increased rice yield by 10.5% and wheat yield by 9.8%, increased nitrogen utilization by 64.8% in rice and 42.0% in wheat, improved agronomic efficiency by 52.2% and 47.1%, and increased annual economic benefit by 2804 yuan/hm2, respectively. Compared with CR-U treatment, CR-U+F treatment increased the yield and nitrogen use efficiency by 7.3% and 32.5% in rice, and 4.4% and 18.3% in wheat, respectively. 60% CR-U+F treatment improved wheat yield by 5.0% but no obvious effect on rice yield, compared with 60% CR-U treatment. CR-U+F treatment increased the annual net income by 2337 yuan/hm2 than CR-U treatment; 60% CR-U+F treatment increased the income by 1823 yuan/hm2 than 60% CR-U treatment, and increased net income by 547 yuan/hm2 than U treatment.
    Conclusions Controlled release nitrogen synchronizes N supply with crop nitrogen requirement, and significantly increases leaf photosynthetic rate during key growth stages of rice and wheat. Fulvic acid reduces crop transpiration rate and increases crop nutrient utilization efficiency. Controlled-release urea and fulvic acid synergistically increase the rice yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit, thus achieving high efficiency nutrient utilization.

     

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