• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王天, 宋佳承, 闫士朋, 李朝周. 低温胁迫下磷肥施用量对油橄榄生长发育的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(5): 879-890. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19349
引用本文: 王天, 宋佳承, 闫士朋, 李朝周. 低温胁迫下磷肥施用量对油橄榄生长发育的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(5): 879-890. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19349
WANG Tian, SONG Jia-cheng, YAN Shi-peng, LI Chao-zhou. Growth and development of olive under low temperature stress influenced by phosphate fertilizer application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(5): 879-890. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19349
Citation: WANG Tian, SONG Jia-cheng, YAN Shi-peng, LI Chao-zhou. Growth and development of olive under low temperature stress influenced by phosphate fertilizer application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(5): 879-890. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19349

低温胁迫下磷肥施用量对油橄榄生长发育的影响

Growth and development of olive under low temperature stress influenced by phosphate fertilizer application

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究自然低温胁迫下磷肥施用量对油橄榄幼苗生长发育的影响,旨在确定低温条件下增强油橄榄幼苗抗寒性及促进其生长发育的最适磷肥施用量,为油橄榄苗期养分管理提供科学依据。
    方法 本试验选用我国油橄榄主栽品种‘鄂植8号’为试验材料,所用磷肥为磷酸二氢钠 (NaH2PO4·2H2O),6个处理的每株幼苗P2O5施用量分别设为0、15、30、45、60和75 g,记作P0、P15、P30、P45、P60 和 P75;低温胁迫是在自然条件下,取样时间为2018年9月16日、11月15日和12月30日上午9:00左右,取样当日与前两日平均气温分别为17.6℃、3.1℃和–5.3℃,采集样品为植株叶片、根系,分析油橄榄幼苗叶片冻害指数、渗透调节物质含量、膜伤害指标、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量、磷含量及根系活力、根系形态和生物量积累。
    结果 在低温环境 (3.1℃、–5.3℃) 下,增施适量磷肥可降低油橄榄叶片冻害指数,增加叶片中脯氨酸 (Pro)、可溶性蛋白 (SP)、可溶性糖 (SS)、叶绿素和磷含量,增强叶片抗氧化酶活性,降低叶片膜透性、超氧阴离子产生速率和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量,增强根系活力。在3.1℃条件下,P45处理油橄榄叶片超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX) 活性较P0分别增加了104.75%、95.02%和100.01%;叶绿素含量和磷含量较P0分别增长了114.83%和33.66%。在低温条件下,油橄榄幼苗根系和地上部生长均受到抑制,P45处理的油橄榄总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数较P0处理增加了42.60%、28.79%、55.50%和25.01%,各磷肥处理下根系平均直径间差异不显著;株高、根干重、地上部干重较P0处理分别增加了48.48%、80.27%和34.51%。
    结论 低温抑制油橄榄幼苗生长发育,而适量增施磷肥可有效提高油橄榄的生理活性,进而缓解低温对油橄榄幼苗的损伤,增强了植株的抗寒性。低温胁迫条件下,每株施用45 g磷肥 (P2O5)的效果最佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The growth of olive trees in Gansu is always stressed by low temperatures in spring season every year. Phosphorous fertilization is studied to alleviate the stress and promote the growth of olive seedlings.
    Methods In this experiment, olive cultivar of ‘Ezhi No.8’ was used as experimental material and NaH2PO4·2H2O as phosphate. The application rates of P2O5 were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 g per olive tree(expressed as P0, P15, P30, P45, P60 and P75), and natural low temperature was used for low temperature stress treatments. Accordingly, the leaves and roots of olive were collected on 16 September (17.6℃), 15 November (3.1℃) and 30 December (–5.3℃) in 2018. Those temperatures were the averaged values of the sampling date and two days before the sampling. These plant samples were used to determine the leaf frost index, osmotic adjustment substance, membrane damage index, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content, phosphorus content, root vigor and morphology, as well as biomass of olive seedlings.
    Results Under low temperatures of 3.1℃ and –5.3℃, the application of P reduced the frost damage index, leaf membrane permeability, superoxide anion production rate and malondialdehyde content, but increased the contents of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, chlorophyll and P, antioxidant enzyme activities, and root vigor. Under P45 treatment at 3.1℃, the activities of SOD, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in olive leaves were increased by 104.75%, 95.02% and 100.01%, and the chlorophyll and P contents increased by 114.83% and 33.66% compared with P0, respectively; although the root development and aboveground biomass accumulation of oil olive seedlings were all inhibited at under low temperature, the root dry weight, length, surface area, volume and number of root tips in P45 treatment were significantly higher than those in P0 by 80.27%, 42.60%, 28.79%, 55.50% and 25.01%, respectively, but the average root diameters had no significant difference among the different P treatments; and the plant height and above-ground dry weight were increased by 48.48% and 34.51%, respectively.
    Conclusions Low temperature inhibits the growth and development of olive seedlings, appropriate application of phosphate could effectively alleviate the stress and enhance the cold resistance of the olive seedlings as a whole. Our results suggested that an optimum application rate of phosphorus fertilizer was P2O5 45 g/plant under low temperature stress.

     

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