• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
田昌玉, 林治安, 徐久凯, 赵秉强, 唐继伟, 李建华. 有机肥氮素利用率的几种典型计算方法比较[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1909-1916. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19471
引用本文: 田昌玉, 林治安, 徐久凯, 赵秉强, 唐继伟, 李建华. 有机肥氮素利用率的几种典型计算方法比较[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1909-1916. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19471
TIAN Chang-yu, LIN Zhi-an, XU Jiu-kai, ZHAO Bing-qiang, TANG Ji-wei, Li Jian-hua. Comparison of organic fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency calculated by several typical methods[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1909-1916. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19471
Citation: TIAN Chang-yu, LIN Zhi-an, XU Jiu-kai, ZHAO Bing-qiang, TANG Ji-wei, Li Jian-hua. Comparison of organic fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency calculated by several typical methods[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1909-1916. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19471

有机肥氮素利用率的几种典型计算方法比较

Comparison of organic fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency calculated by several typical methods

  • 摘要:
    目的 氮素利用率计算方法有多种,其计算结果的可靠性影响氮素管理的科学性。比较几种典型氮肥利用率计算方法的结果随有机肥施用水平和试验年限的变化,并从计算公式中各参数的含义讨论计算方法的科学性。
    方法 以12年长期定位试验为平台,有机肥设置每季5个施氮水平,分别为0、120、240、360、600 kg/hm2,种植制度为冬小麦–夏玉米轮作。采用常规差减法、叠加法、比值法、氮素利用率法和氮素平衡法分别计算了不同有机肥料氮处理下不同年份的氮肥利用率。
    结果 1) 用常规差减法和叠加法计算的有机氮肥当年利用率偏低,比值法计算结果适中,主要是空白对照作物可能吸收了施肥处理潜层扩散的矿质氮素,使得空白对照作物吸收氮素量比较高;叠加法氮肥利用率与常规差减法计算的结果差异不显著。2) 用比值法计算的氮肥利用率与国际通用氮素利用率计算法的结果很接近,如果能控制空白对照作物吸收的氮素量不受其它高氮肥处理影响,比值法与氮素利用率法的计算结果一致。3) 氮素平衡法考虑到了施肥对土壤氮素库的影响,是代表实际氮肥回收率的方法。计算的氮肥利用率呈现氮素平衡法好于氮素利用率法,氮素利用率法好于比值法。
    结论 氮库变化影响比值法的准确性。在长期定位试验空白对照土壤氮素库相对稳定期,比值法是氮素利用率计算的简略方法;当土壤氮素库相对稳定条件下 (施肥处理和对照土壤氮素库不变,SN = 0),比值法、氮素利用率法和氮素平衡法计算结果一致;在土壤氮素库逐年增加或降低条件下,氮素平衡法是氮素利用率计算的最合理方法。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Many methods are used for the calculation of nitrogen efficiency. The precision and stability of the results may impact the outcome of nitrogen nutrient management. We compared and discussed the precision and availability of the mostly used calculation methods from the subtraction and meaning of the parameters in the formula.
    Methods The study was based on 2 years of long-term experiment under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system, in which the organic fertilizer nitrogen treatments were composed of N 0, 120, 240, 360, 600 kg/hm2. Subtraction method, accumulation method, ratio method, nitrogen balance method and the international general nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) method were used to calculate the nitrogen utilization efficiencies of organic fertilizer. The variation of the results of the five methods with fertilizer application years and rates were compared.
    Results The value calculated by subtraction method and accumulation method was relatively low, because the crops in blank control might be able to absorb nitrogen from the fertilization treatment through latent diffusion. The value had no significant difference between subtraction method and accumulation method. The results calculated by the ratio method and the international general nitrogen use efficiency method were very close. If the latent diffusion of N to blank control could be prevented, the results would be closer. The nitrogen balance method considered the effect of fertilization on soil nitrogen pool, so the value calculated by NUE method should be the closest to the actual value. Balance mehod was better than the international general NUE method, and NUE method was better than ratio method.
    Conclusions The variation of soil nitrogen pool influences the accuracy of ratio method. In the long-term experiment, the soil nitrogen pool is relatively stable, so the efficiency of organic nitrogen fertilizer calculated by the ratio method, the nitrogen utilization rate method and the nitrogen balance method are close with each other. Under condition of gradual increase or decrease of nitrogen pool in the long-term fertilization, the nitrogen use efficiency calculated by the nitrogen balance method is the most reasonable.

     

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