高产农田土壤有机质、养分的变化规律与作物产量的关系
Changes of soil organic matter and nutrients and their relationship with crop yield in high yield farmland
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摘要: 以山东桓台县高产农田为研究对象 ,对全县 1982～ 1998年的平均作物产量、土壤有机质、速效养分、化肥施用量等进行了调查和分析。结果表明 ,从 1982年到 1998年 ,桓台县农田土壤有机质处于不断增加的状态 ,但增加的幅度随着秸秆还田的普及而逐渐变小。目前全县县域农田土壤有机质平均水平为 15.0 gkg-1,有可能是当前耕作方式、土壤类型和气候条件下土壤有机质的平衡点。研究还表明 ,高产条件下土壤有机质与作物产量之间存在显著正相关关系。在吨粮田发展过程中 ,土壤速效氮和速效钾对作物产量的贡献逐渐降低 ,而土壤速效磷的贡献呈增加趋势。Abstract: Average crop yield，soil organic matter，soil available nutrients content，application rates of chemical fertilizers during 1982 to 1998 in Huantai County，Shandong Province were analyzed．Huaitai County is famous for its high unit yield，i．e．15 tons of grain can be produced on 1 hectare of farmland annually．The study indicates that soil organic matter(SOM) has been increasing from 1982 to 1998，and the increase range decreases with the widespread of crop straw return technology in Huantai County．In 1998，SOM for Huantai County farml and is 15.0gkg-1，which maybe the balance point under this specific farming system，soil types and climate conditions．There exists obvious positive relationships between SOM and crop yiel. The contribution of soil available nutrients (soil available nitrogen，SAN and soll available potassium，SAK)to grain production decreases with the increase of crop yield，and the contribution of soil available phosphorous(SAP)increases with the increase of crop yield．
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