基于CT扫描技术研究有机无机肥长期配施对土壤物理特征的影响

王宪玲; 赵志远; 马艳婷; 郑朝霞; 郑伟; 翟丙年; 赵政阳

doi:10.11674/zwyf.20012

基于CT扫描技术研究有机无机肥长期配施对土壤物理特征的影响

Study on the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer combined with manure on soil physical properties of apple orchard based on CT scanning technology

摘要

摘要:
目的研究长期有机无机肥配施对土壤孔隙特征、土壤水分参数等土壤剖面物理特征的影响，深入认识有机无机肥配合施用效果的机理。
方法试验基于渭北旱塬12年苹果园长期定位试验，设不施肥 (CK)、单施化肥 (NPK) 和有机无机肥配施 (MNPK) 3个处理，采用CT扫描法定量分析了0—40 cm土壤样品中大孔隙 (>1000 μm) 的数量，计算了大孔隙度及大孔隙在土壤剖面中的分布特征, 同时采用常规方法测定了0—10、10—20和20—40 cm土壤样品的土壤容重、田间持水量及饱和导水率等。
结果 1) 相比NPK处理，有机无机肥配施对0—20 cm土层土壤大孔隙度有提高的趋势，在20—40 cm土层，有机无机肥配施相比单施化肥土壤大孔隙度提高了91.7% (P < 0.05)；MNPK处理土壤大孔隙数量在3个土层均为最大，在0—10和20—40 cm土层，分别较NPK处理提高了38.4%和54.8% (P < 0.05)。NPK处理大孔隙数量在0—10和10—20 cm分别显著高于CK。2) 与不施肥相比，单施化肥除10—20 cm土层土壤的饱和导水率、田间持水量有明显升高外，其它土层没有明显变化，而有机无机肥配施0—10、20—40 cm土层土壤的饱和导水率、田间持水量较不施肥均有明显提升；有机无机肥配施相比不施肥、单施化肥在不同土层的土壤容重均为最小，而20—40 cm土层单施化肥的土壤容重较不施肥提高了2.8% (P > 0.05)。3) 相关分析表明，土壤大孔隙数量、大孔隙度与田间持水量、土壤饱和导水率呈极显著正相关 (P < 0.01)，与土壤容重呈极显著负相关 (P < 0.01)，而与土壤机械组成无显著相关性。
结论相比单施化肥，长期有机无机肥配施改善了苹果园0—40 cm土层土壤的大孔隙状况和土壤的持水、导水性能，在20—40 cm土层效果更明显，有机无机肥配施可改善渭北旱塬苹果园土壤物理性质。

Abstract:
Objectives The study analyzed the water capacity related soil properties affected by long-term combining application of chemical fertilizer and manure, to deeply understand the mechanism of the measurement in soil fertility improvement.
Methods The study was based on a 12-years long term experiment in an apple orchard in dryland of northern Shaanxi Province. The soil samples of 0–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm in depth were collected in the treatments of no fertilizer control (CK), chemical fertilizers (NPK) and chemical fertilizers with manure (MNPK). CT scanning method was used to quantitatively analyze the number and porosity of macropores (> 1000 μm), and the distribution of macropores in the soil layers. Field water capacity and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC), and soil bulk density were measured using conventional methods at the same time.
Results Compared to NPK, the soil macroporosity was slightly increased in the 0–20 cm soil layer, but significantly increased by 91.7% in the 20–40 cm soil layer under MNPK treatment. In the three soil layers, the highest number of macropores was all appeared in MNPK, and the number was significantly higher than those in NPK in the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers, with an increment of 38.4% and 54.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to CK, NPK treatment only increased the SHC and field water capacity in the 10−20 cm soil, while MNPK treatment increased those indexes in all the three soil layers (P < 0.05), and soil bulk density was not affected by both MNPK and NPK treatments. Correlation analysis showed that the number of macropores, macropore porosities, field water capacity and SHC were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01), and all of them were negatively correlated with soil bulk density (P < 0.01).
Conclusions Compared with pure chemical fertilizer application, the combination application of chemical and organic fertilizers could significantly increase the number of macropores and macroporosity in the 0−40 cm soil layer, which leads to the increase of soil water permeability, especially in the 20−40 cm soil layer.

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