Abstract: The vegetation types affected the nutrient contents of red soil firstly and then the adsorb desorption of H2PO4- and the buffering capacity of K+ by the red soil. There were higher nutrient contents of NPK etc. in herb shrub trees vegetation, and the higher content of OM in vegetation of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrical var. major), and the lowest contents of NPK and OM in no vegetation. Compared the three treatments, there was decreased from treatments of no vegetation, vegetation of cogongrass to herb shrub trees vegetation by the b value of H2PO4- adsorption by soil, and there was opposite tendency by desorption of H2PO4- in same desorption scope. Compared the parameters of K+ buffering Q/I curve the K0 value decreased from herb shrub trees vegetation, vegetation of cogongrass to no vegetation, and the AR0 value was from the vegetation of cogongrass, no vegetation to herb shrub trees vegetation, and the PBCk value was no vegetation, vegetation of cogongrass to herb shrub trees vegetation in three treatments.