Abstract: Effects of long-term fertilization on the activity of methane oxidization and the methane emission in Huangsong paddy soil were investigated. The results showed that the long-term fertilization had significant effect(|t|t0.05,P0.05)on the aerobic methane oxidizing activity and the methane emission, but the effect (|t|t0.05,P0.05)on the anaerobic methane oxidizing activity was not significant. Long-term organic fertilization enhanced the activity of methane oxidization and the methane emission and the effect of mixing organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers was better than that of single organic fertilization or inorganic fertilization. Urea inhibited the activity of methane oxidation and methane emission but the inhibition of urea could be ease up by K-fertilization or P-fertilization. Cultivation practice after fertilization enhanced the activity of methane oxidization and the methane emission. However, without fertilization, cultivation reduced activity of methane oxidation and the methane emission, compared with that without cultivation.