Abstract: This article summarized the role and contribution of chemical fertilizers in ensuring food security and analyzed/predicted the increased amount of chemical fertilizers needed to meet grain production goals in 2010,2015 and 2020, respectively.According to problems presented in grain production during the last six years,in order to guarantee the food security,beside continued development of chemical fertilizer industry and increase of chemical fertilizer application other corresponding measures such as stabling planting area of grain crop (at least 110 M ha),adjusting grain price and protecting farmer benefit,improving basic conditions of farmland,implementing water-saving irrigation technique,and moderately increasing grain import,should be adapted.Relying exclusively on increase chemical fertilizer to fulfill the balance of domestic grain supply and demand was not only high cost(including resources,environment and costs of production),but also impossible to be accepted by market and farmers.