• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
山楠, 串丽敏, 刘继培, 赵同科, 沈丽. 基于产量反应和农学效率的白菜推荐施肥方法可行性研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(9): 1681-1690. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20061
引用本文: 山楠, 串丽敏, 刘继培, 赵同科, 沈丽. 基于产量反应和农学效率的白菜推荐施肥方法可行性研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(9): 1681-1690. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20061
SHAN Nan, CHUAN Li-min, LIU Ji-pei, ZHAO Tong-ke, SHEN Li. Availability of fertilizer recommendation based on yield response andagronomic efficiency of Chinese cabbage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(9): 1681-1690. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20061
Citation: SHAN Nan, CHUAN Li-min, LIU Ji-pei, ZHAO Tong-ke, SHEN Li. Availability of fertilizer recommendation based on yield response andagronomic efficiency of Chinese cabbage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(9): 1681-1690. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20061

基于产量反应和农学效率的白菜推荐施肥方法可行性研究

Availability of fertilizer recommendation based on yield response andagronomic efficiency of Chinese cabbage

  • 摘要:
    目的 我国白菜生产中普遍存在施肥过量和不平衡的问题,采用基于产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法,研究优化施肥对白菜产量和肥料利用率的影响,旨在验证该方法的科学性和可行性。
    方法 于2018年秋季分别在北京市大兴区魏善庄镇和长子营镇基地布置2个白菜田间试验,共设置6个处理:农民习惯施肥处理 (FP)、基于产量反应和农学效率的优化施肥处理 (OPT)、有机肥替代30%化肥氮处理 (OPT+OM)、基于优化施肥的减氮处理 (OPT-N)、基于优化施肥的减磷处理 (OPT-P)、基于优化施肥的减钾处理 (OPT-K)。测定比较了不同施肥管理措施对白菜产量、养分吸收量、肥料利用率和纯收益的影响。
    结果 与FP处理相比,魏善庄镇和长子营镇两个试验地OPT处理的白菜产量分别增长了13.3%和18.0%;魏善庄镇试验地白菜植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收量分别增加了35.1、24.1和165.1 kg/hm2,长子营镇试验地分别增加了92.7、29.6和123.3 kg/hm2,均达显著差异水平。魏善庄镇试验地OPT+OM较FP处理白菜增产9.8%,与OPT处理产量相比略有降低;长子营镇试验地OPT+OM较OPT处理白菜产量显著减少22.3 t/hm2,比FP处理增产1.8%但差异不显著。两个试验地点OPT处理白菜纯收益较FP处理和OPT+OM处理提高了12.7%~58.5%。与FP处理相比,两个试验地OPT和OPT+OM处理的氮肥和磷肥偏生产力、回收利用率和农学效率均有所提高。由于FP处理施钾量偏低,导致其钾肥农学效率显著高于OPT处理和OPT+OM处理。除长子营镇OPT+OM处理的钾肥偏生产力显著高于OPT处理外,两个试验地OPT+OM处理的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥效率指标均与OPT处理相当或者显著低于OPT处理。
    结论 在不同地力和施肥水平的两个地块上,采用基于产量反应和农学效率的优化施肥处理均取得了显著提高白菜产量、效益及氮磷肥利用率的效果,证明该方法是简便易行且效果良好的推荐施肥方法。如果用有机肥替代化肥氮,其推荐施肥方法还需进一步研究。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The currently used fertilizer recommendation methods often need soil and plant analysis, uneasy to be extended in practical vegetable production. We attempted the fertilizer recommendation method based on yield response and agronomic efficiency, in order to verify the availability of the method.
    Methods In the autumn of 2018, two cabbage field experiments were arranged in Weishanzhuang and Zhangziying towns, Daxing District, Beijing. In each experiment, farmers' practice fertilization (FP) was taken as control; optimized fertilization was setup based on yield response and agronomic efficiency (OPT); based on OPT, four other treatments were setup, including organic fertilizer replacing 30% of N (OPT+OM), N omission (OPT-N), P omission (OPT-P) and K omission (OPT-K). The yield, nutrient uptake, fertilizer utilization and net income of Chinese cabbage were investigated.
    Results Compared with FP treatment, the yields of Chinese cabbage in OPT treatments in Weishanzhuang and Zhangziying were significantly increased by 13.3% and 18.0%, respectively; the uptake of N, P and K were significantly increased by 35.1, 24.1 and 165.1 kg/hm2 in Weishanzhuang, and 92.7, 29.6 and 123.3 kg/hm2 in Zhangziying, respectively. The yield of Chinese cabbage in OPT+OM treatment in Weishanzhuang was 9.8% higher than that in FP treatment, and slightly lower than that in OPT treatment; the yield in OPT+OM treatment in Zhangziying was significantly decreased by 22.3 t/hm2, compared with that of OPT, and increased by 1.8% compared with that of FP treatment. The net income of OPT treatment was 12.7%–58.5% higher than those in FP and OPT+OM treatment in the two experimental sites. Compared with FP treatment, the partial productivity, recovery use efficiency and agronomic efficiency of N and P in OPT and OPT+OM treatments in the two sites were improved, while the agronomic efficiency of K in FP treatment was significantly higher than that in OPT and OPT+OM treatments due to the low potassium application rate. Except the significantly higher partial productivity of K in OPT+OM treatment in Zhangziying town, the N, P and K use efficiency indexes of OPT+OM treatment in the two experimental sites were equivalent to or significantly lower than those of OPT treatment.
    Conclusions Both the experiments have proved the significant effect of the recommended fertilization based on yield response and agronomic efficiency in improving the yield, production benefit and fertilizer use efficiencies of Chinese cabbage. So we could conclude that the method is easy and available for fertilizer recommendation in different yield and field fertility levels, although further study still needed for the recommendation of the partially replacement of chemical nitrogen with organic fertilizers.

     

/

返回文章
返回