• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
郑成岩, 于振文, 王西芝, 武同华, . 灌水量和时期对高产小麦氮素积累、分配和转运及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(6): 1324-1332. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2009.0612
引用本文: 郑成岩, 于振文, 王西芝, 武同华, . 灌水量和时期对高产小麦氮素积累、分配和转运及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(6): 1324-1332. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2009.0612
ZHENG Cheng-yan, YU Zhen-wen, *, WANG Xi-zhi, WU Tong-hua. Effects of irrigation amount and stage on nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation and soil NO3--N content in high-yield wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2009, 15(6): 1324-1332. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2009.0612
Citation: ZHENG Cheng-yan, YU Zhen-wen, *, WANG Xi-zhi, WU Tong-hua. Effects of irrigation amount and stage on nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation and soil NO3--N content in high-yield wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2009, 15(6): 1324-1332. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2009.0612

灌水量和时期对高产小麦氮素积累、分配和转运及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

Effects of irrigation amount and stage on nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation and soil NO3--N content in high-yield wheat

  • 摘要: 在每公顷产9000 kg小麦的高产条件下,以济麦22为试验材料,设置全生育期不灌水(W0)、底墒水(W1)、底墒水+拔节水(W2)、底墒水+拔节水+开花水(W3)、底墒水+开花水 (W4) 5个灌溉处理,每次灌水60 mm,研究了灌水量和时期对高产小麦氮素积累、分配和转运及土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:1)与不灌水处理(W0)相比较,灌水处理显著增加了小麦植株氮素积累量、子粒氮素积累量和开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量;随着灌水量的增加,成熟期小麦植株氮素积累量、开花后营养器官积累的氮素向小麦子粒转移量和转移率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,以W2处理最高。2)随着小麦生育进程的推进,0—200 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量先降低后回升再降低,在拔节期最低。成熟期,W0处理0—40 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于灌水处理;随灌水量的增加,100—160 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量增加,W2处理显著低于W3和W4处理;160—200 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量无显著差异。3)随灌水量的增加,氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和氮肥生产效率先增加后降低,W2处理最高;而氮素利用效率则呈逐渐降低趋势,其中W0处理的氮素利用效率显著高于其他处理,W2、W3、W4处理间无显著差异。在本试验条件下,综合考虑氮素利用、子粒产量和土壤中硝态氮的淋溶,底墒水和拔节水各灌60 mm的W2为最佳处理,可供生产中参考。

     

    Abstract: Irrigation is one of the most important measures to regulate plant metabolism in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, unsuitable irrigation will cause the decline of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield. To determine the effects of irrigation amount and stage on nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation and soil NO3--N content under the condition of high yield at the level of 9000 kg per hectare, the field experiment was carried out on high fertility soil with organic matter 15.20 g/kg, alkali-hydrolysable N 77.13 mg/kg, available P 29.70 mg/kg, and available K 121.58 mg/kg in Shiwang village, Yanzhou city, Shandong province, China, using the wheat cultivar Jimai 22 which has high yield and medium gluten potential. Five treatments were set with no irrigation (W0), irrigated before sowing (W1), irrigated before sowing and at jointing stage, respectively (W2),irrigated before sowing, at jointing and anthesis stages, respectively (W3),irrigated before sowing and at anthesis stage, respectively (W4). The irrigation amount each time was 60 mm. There were three replicates for each treatment. The plot area was 2 m×6 m and a 1 m wide protective belt was left between every two adjacent experimental plots. The basic seedling number was 180 plant/m2. The results indicated that,the nitrogen accumulation amount in plant and grain and the nitrogen translocation amount (nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis stage-nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity, NTA) from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis in treatments which irrigation were supplied were significantly higher than those of treatment W0. With the increasing of irrigation amount, the nitrogen accumulation amount of wheat plant, NTA and nitrogen translocation efficiency (NTA/nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis stage, TE) from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis were increased at first then decreased, and those of treatment W2 were the highest. The soil NO3--N content in 0–200 cm soil layer decreased first, increased then, and decreased again as wheat growth process progress, and reached its lowest content at jointing stage. At maturity stage, the soil NO3--N content in 0–40 cm soil layer of treatment W0 was significantly higher than that of treatments which irrigation were supplied. With the increasing of irrigation amount, the soil NO3--N content in 100–160 cm soil layer was increased, that of treatment W2 was significantly lower than treatment W3 and W4, and there were no significant differences in 160–200 cm soil layer among these treatments. With the increasing of irrigation amount, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen fertilizer productive efficiency were increased at first then decreased, and those of treatment W2 were the highest. But nitrogen use efficiency was gradually decreased, and that of treatment W0 was the highest while there was no significant difference among treatment W2, W3 and W4. Based on a comprehensive consideration of nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and soil NO3--N content, the irrigation amount and stage recommended under the condition of this research was the treatment W2 which irrigated before sowing and at jointing stage respectively, the irrigation amount each time was 60 mm.

     

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