生物炭基肥与紫云英联合还田对红壤区早稻干物质累积和氮素利用特征的影响

谢志坚; 吴佳; 段金贵; 喻成龙; 郑琴; 倪国荣; 荣勤雷; 赵尊康; 周春火

doi:10.11674/zwyf.20094

生物炭基肥与紫云英联合还田对红壤区早稻干物质累积和氮素利用特征的影响

Effects of combining biochar-based fertilizer and milk vetch on dry matter accumulation and N use efficiencies of early rice in reddish paddy field of south China

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨生物炭基肥与紫云英联合还田对提高水稻产量与氮素利用率的影响，为同时实现稻区秸秆循环利用和降低氮肥用量提供参考。
方法采用盆栽实验，设计不施氮肥 (CK₀)、施100%氮肥 (CK₁)、减施20%氮肥后分别施炭基肥 (BF)、紫云英 (MV) 以及两者联合还田 (BF + MV) 5个处理。分析了早稻地上部干物质累积量、产量构成及氮素吸收利用。
结果与CK₁相比，减施20%氮肥后，紫云英和炭基肥单独或联合还田均可通过增加早稻千粒重和有效穗数而改善其产量构成；炭基肥单独或与紫云英联合还田不仅可有效提高早稻籽粒和地上部干物质量 (P > 0.05)，而且分别显著提高了籽粒中氮素生理利用率11.8%与7.52% (P < 0.05)；紫云英单独还田分别显著提高籽粒和地上部干物质量11.8%和7.62%，以及地上部氮素累积量10.9% (P < 0.05)。另外，由Pearson相关分析表明，减施20%氮肥条件下，紫云英还田与早稻千粒重和籽粒氮素累积量呈显著正相关关系，炭基肥还田与早稻地上部氮素生理利用率和干物质生产效率呈显著或极显著正相关关系。
结论在确保红壤稻区早稻不减产的前提下，将秸秆炭化生产炭基肥与冬季豆科绿肥联合还田，既有利于提高作物秸秆资源利用率，又降低稻田氮肥用量，并提高氮素利用率，从而为水稻绿色生产开辟新途径和提供理论依据。

Abstract:
Objectives Studying the effect of co-incorporating of biochar-based fertilizer and green manure on rice yield and nutrient uptake in reddish paddy field to find a environmental friendly way to to realize the reuse of straw and the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in rice production.
Methods A pot rice experiment was conducted, and 5 treatments were setup, i.e. no N fertilizer (CK₀), applying 100% N fertilizer (CK₁), and reducing 20% of chemical N rate, combined with milk vetch incorporation (MV), biochar-based fertilizer (BF) and both MV incorporation and BF (MV + BF). The dry matter weight of rice shoot (i.e., grain and straw) and yield components were investigated, and the N uptake and use efficiencies of the early rice plant were analyzed.
Results Compared to CK₁, the rice grain yields were increased significantly as the higher 1000-grain weight and effective panicle numbers in treatments of BF + MV and BF, and the physiological efficiency of N (\rmPE_\rmN) were also increased. The rice grain yield was increased by 11.8% in BF + MV and 7.52% in BF (P < 0.05), the dry matter weight of grain and above ground part of rice were significantly increased by 11.8% and 7.62%, and the N accumulation in aboveground part was increased by 10.9% in treatment of MV (P < 0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, the 1000-grain weight and N accumulation in rice grain were remarkably and positively correlated to incorporate MV (P < 0.05), and the physiological efficiency of N and dry matter production efficiency of N were remarkably and positively correlated to combination of BF under the condition of reducing 20% N fertilizer input respectively.
Conclusions Under the condition of not reducing early rice yield in reddish paddy field, incorporation of biochar and green manure with 20% less nitrogen input can not only improve the utilization rate of crop straw resources, but also reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in rice field, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen. Therefore, it is an prospective way of fully using straw and soil resources in the production of early rice in reddish paddy fields, south China.

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