• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
许杰, 郭新勇, 段兆飞, 魏珉, 李静, 郭兴强, 杨凤娟. 不同木薯渣形态和添加比例对番茄产量品质及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1847-1857. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20095
引用本文: 许杰, 郭新勇, 段兆飞, 魏珉, 李静, 郭兴强, 杨凤娟. 不同木薯渣形态和添加比例对番茄产量品质及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1847-1857. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20095
XU Jie, GUO Xin-yong, DUAN Zhao-fei, WEI Min, LI Jing, GUO Xing-qiang, YANG Feng-juan. Effects of adding form and proportion of cassava residues in soilless cultural substrate on the fruit yield and quality and antioxidant capacity of tomato[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1847-1857. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20095
Citation: XU Jie, GUO Xin-yong, DUAN Zhao-fei, WEI Min, LI Jing, GUO Xing-qiang, YANG Feng-juan. Effects of adding form and proportion of cassava residues in soilless cultural substrate on the fruit yield and quality and antioxidant capacity of tomato[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1847-1857. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20095

不同木薯渣形态和添加比例对番茄产量品质及抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of adding form and proportion of cassava residues in soilless cultural substrate on the fruit yield and quality and antioxidant capacity of tomato

  • 摘要:
    目的 为积极应对我国基质生产原料草炭紧缺的难题,提升农业废弃物的综合利用水平,研究木薯渣形态和添加比例在番茄生产上的应用效果,以期为木薯渣在番茄无土栽培上的推广应用提供理论依据。
    方法 以‘千禧’樱桃番茄 (QX) 和‘传奇2号’大番茄 (CQ) 为试材,进行了槽栽试验。通过计算机模拟,共配置了4个栽培基质,包括草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶粉状木薯渣 = 5∶5∶5∶5 (T1);草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶颗粒状木薯渣 = 5∶5∶5∶5 (T2);草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶颗粒状木薯渣 = 6∶4∶4∶6 (T3) 和草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶粉状木薯渣 = 4∶4∶4∶8 (T4)。以常规基质草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=10∶5∶5为对照 (CK)。测定了各栽培基质的理化性状和养分含量,调查了番茄生长和果实产量及品质。
    结果 CQ和QX番茄在T1和T4处理下,其茎粗、根系活力、地下部和地上部干重均显著高于CK,且T1处理下增幅大于T4;T2和T3处理下,果实品质和抗氧化能力显著高于CK,且T2处理下增幅大于T3处理,T2处理下,CQ和QX番茄中可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、维生素C、番茄红素、可溶性蛋白和总酚含量分别较CK提高42.5%、29.4%、26.7%、21.0%、25.1%、51.1%、17.1%和28.0%、26.3%、19.4%、46.0%、22.4%、19.0%、25.8%,果实总抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力分别较CK提高51.9%、44.0%和40.4%、72.4%;T1处理下产量显著高于其它处理,CQ和QX番茄产量分别较CK提高15.6%和33.7%;两品种番茄的综合评价均为T1 > T4 > T2 > T3 > CK。
    结论 添加颗粒状和粉状木薯渣均能不同程度地提高基质的pH、电导率、容重及速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且颗粒状木薯渣处理提高幅度大于粉状木薯渣处理,但添加颗粒状木薯渣的基质气水比亦增加,持水性不如粉状木薯渣。4个配方中,以木薯渣替代一半草炭的增产提质效果最好,超过一半效果显著降低。在替代一半草炭的两个配方中,添加颗粒状木薯渣 (T2) 提高番茄品质的效果最佳,而添加粉状木薯渣 (T1) 的番茄产量最高。DTOPSIS综合分析,T1处理下的Ci值最大。因此,推荐草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩:粉状木薯渣=5∶5∶5∶5 (T1) 配方基质作为番茄无土栽培专用基质进行推广应用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives In order to reduce the substrate cost of peat, we studied the availability of replacing partial peat with cassava residues, which could help finding a cost effective way for the recycle of cassava residues.
    Methods Cherry tomato cultivar of ‘Qianxi’(QX) and large tomato cultivar of ‘Chuanqi 2’ (CQ) were used to carry out a soilless trough experiment. Four substrate formula were made, including peat∶vermiculite∶perlite∶powdery cassava residue = 5∶5∶5∶5 (T1), peat∶vermiculite∶perlite∶granular cassava residue = 5∶5∶5∶5 (T2), peat∶vermiculite∶perlite∶granular cassava residue = 6∶4∶4∶6 (T3), peat∶vermiculite∶perlite∶powdery cassava residue = 4∶4∶4∶8 (T4), and the conventional formula of peat∶ vermiculite∶perlite = 10∶5∶5 was used as control. The physical and chemical properties of the substrates were measured. The growth, yields and fruit qualities were analyzed.
    Results The stem diameter, roots activity, and shoot and root dry weight of CQ and QX under T1 and T4 treatments were significantly larger than CK, and the increment under T1 treatment was more than that under T4 treatment. The fruit quality and antioxidant capacity of tomatoes under T2 and T3 treatments were significantly higher than CK, and the increment under T2 treatment was more than T3 treatment. Compared with CK, the soluble sugar, soluble solid, sugar-acid ratio, Vc, lycopene, soluble protein and total phenol contents in CQ and QX fruits were increased by 42.5%, 29.4%, 26.7%, 21.0%, 25.1%, 51.1%, 17.1% and 28.0%, 26.3%, 19.4%, 46.0%, 22.4%, 19.0%, 25.8% under T2 treatment, and the total antioxidant capacity and the scavenging ability of DPPH in CQ and QX fruits were increased by 51.9%, 44.0% and 40.4%, 72.4% respectively. The yields of CQ and QX under T1 treatment were significantly higher than under the other treatments, and were 15.6% and 33.7% higher than under CK. Comprehensive evaluation of two tomato varieties showed an order of T1 > T4 > T2 > T3 > CK.
    Conclusions Adding both powdery and granular cassava residues could increase the pH, EC, bulk density and the contents of available N, P and K, and the increment with granular cassava residues are higher than with powdery cassava residues. The good effects on yield and fruit quality are significantly higher with the two formula of replacing half peat (T1 and T2) than with the other two. The best fruit quality could be obtained under T2 treatment, and the highest yield increase under T1 treatment. According to comprehensive evaluation of DTOPSIS, the formulation with peat∶ vermiculite∶perlite∶powdery cassava residue = 5∶5∶5∶5 (T1) is recommended for tomato soilless cultivation.

     

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