• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
鱼欢, 杨改河, 王之杰. 不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2): 266-273. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2010.0202
引用本文: 鱼欢, 杨改河, 王之杰. 不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2): 266-273. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2010.0202
YU Huan, YANG Gai-he, WANG Zhi-jie. Nitrogen rate and timing considerations on yield and physiological parameters of corn canopy[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(2): 266-273. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2010.0202
Citation: YU Huan, YANG Gai-he, WANG Zhi-jie. Nitrogen rate and timing considerations on yield and physiological parameters of corn canopy[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(2): 266-273. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2010.0202

不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响

Nitrogen rate and timing considerations on yield and physiological parameters of corn canopy

  • 摘要: 以加拿大魁北克地区推广的玉米品种Pioneer 38B84为材料,研究不同施氮量和基追比例对玉米最上一片全展开叶SPAD值、Dualex值、净光合速率(PN)、叶面积指数(LAI)、地上部生物量、冠层叶绿素密度(SPAD×LAI)、冠层光合能力(PN×LAI)以及产量的影响。试验设5个处理: N0(基0+追0)、N20+93 (基20 kg/hm2+追93 kg/hm2)、N45+68 (基45 kg/hm2+追68 kg/hm2)、N113 (基113 kg/hm2+追0)和SAT225[基225(播种时施氮45 kg/hm2,播种后10 d再沟施180 kg/hm2)+追0],完全随机区组设计,重复4次,基本苗为79000 株/hm2。结果表明,追肥前,叶片SPAD值、PN、LAI、地上部生物量、SPAD×LAI及PN×LAI均随基肥氮量的增加而增加,Dualex值则降低。同等施氮量下,基肥配合追肥显著提高叶片SPAD值,而追肥对叶片Dualex值和PN无显著影响。虽然基肥配合追肥处理的LAI、地上部生物量、SPAD×LAI、PN×LAI在追肥后均显著低于氮肥一次性基施,但显著提高了玉米产量。基施氮肥20 kg/hm2与45 kg/hm2处理之间玉米产量无差异,但前者过早地表现出缺氮。总施氮量为 113 kg/hm2时,其 SPAD值、Dualex值、PN、LAI、地上部生物量、SPAD×LAI以及PN×LAI等指标在出苗后25~60 d与SAT225处理差异不显著,但产量却显著低于SAT225处理。本试验条件下,基肥量45 kg/hm2能较好地满足玉米前期生长,但总施氮量113 kg/hm2不能满足玉米全生育期的需求,需要进一步地评估适宜的施氮量。同等施氮量下,基肥配合追肥显著提高玉米产量; SPAD值和 Dualex值均与玉米植株氮含量显著相关,SPAD和 Dualex可以作为实时快速指导玉米追肥的有效工具。

     

    Abstract: One year corn field experiment was conducted at a research farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, located in L'Acadie, Quebec, Canada. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with five N treatments and four replications. The five N treatments received N 0, 20, 45, 113 and 225 kg/ha(N 45 kg/ha was applied at sowing, and N 180 kg/ha at 10 days after sowing), respectively, at sowing, and N 0, 93, 68, 0 and 0 kg/ha, respectively, at side-dressing, i.e. N0, N20+93, N45+68, N113, and SAT225. Corn density is 79000 plants/ha, and the cultivar is Pioneer 38B84. The results show that SPAD reading, PN, LAI, aboveground dry biomass, canopy chlorophyll density (SPAD×LAI) and canopy photosynthetic capacity (PN×LAI) are increased with basal N rates increasing before side-dressing, while Dualex reading is decreased. Compared to N113, SPAD readings in the N20+93 and N45+68 treatments are significantly increased. The split N applications have no significant influences on Dualex reading and PN. The LAI, aboveground dry biomass, SPAD×LAI and PN×LAI of N20+93 and N45+68 are significantly lower, but the grain yields are significantly higher than those of N113. There are no significant differences in corn grain yield between N20+93 and N45+68, however, the N deficiency is appeared earlier in N20+93 than in N45+68. No significant differences between N113, N20+93 or N45+68, on one hand, and SAT225, on the other hand, are observed in SPAD reading, Dualex reading, PN, LAI, aboveground dry biomass, SPAD×LAI and PN×LAI at 25-60 days after emergence, while corn grain yields of N113, N20+93 and N45+68 are significantly lower than that of SAT225. Split N application can significantly increase corn grain yield compared to only one application at sowing, and N45+68 is better than N20+93. Under our experimental condition, a total N application with N 113 kg/ha do not produce the same corn grain yield as SAT225. Both SPAD and Dualex readings show significant correlation with corn plant N concentration, and then can be used as an instant and non-destructive diagnostic tool for corn N status evaluation.

     

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