Abstract: Effects of different fertilization on yield of wheat and soil nutrient and water changes and its use efficiency were studied using a long-term experiment in rainfed lands of the Loess Plateau. The result shows that the best for the yield-increasing in the single applications is the application of the organic compound fertilizer (M), and its output can reach to 5265 kg/ha. The combined applications of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer increase the yield of wheat, and the highest yield is 5898.8 kg/ha under the NPM fertilization. Under the NPM combined application, wheat grain and stalk uptake the largest amounts of total N with the increase of 131.4 kg/ha compared to the single application of N fertilizer. The maximum fertilizer utilization is the combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and the nitrogen utilization; nitrogen partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and physiological nitrogen utilization are 67.0%, 49.16 kg/kg, 36.97 kg/kg and 73.11 kg/kg. Different fertilization systems reflect the nearly same trend, that is: N