• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
史祥宾, 杨阳, 翟衡*, 孙永江, 钟晓敏. 不同时期施用氮肥对巨峰葡萄氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(6): 1444-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2011.1004
引用本文: 史祥宾, 杨阳, 翟衡*, 孙永江, 钟晓敏. 不同时期施用氮肥对巨峰葡萄氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(6): 1444-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2011.1004
SHI Xiang-bin, YANG Yang, ZHAI Heng*, SUN Yong-jiang, ZHONG Xiao-min. Effects of N Fertilization on nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Kyoho grape[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2011, 17(6): 1444-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2011.1004
Citation: SHI Xiang-bin, YANG Yang, ZHAI Heng*, SUN Yong-jiang, ZHONG Xiao-min. Effects of N Fertilization on nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Kyoho grape[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2011, 17(6): 1444-1450. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2011.1004

不同时期施用氮肥对巨峰葡萄氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响

Effects of N Fertilization on nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Kyoho grape

  • 摘要: 为了探讨巨峰葡萄对氮素的吸收、分配和利用规律,为合理施肥提供依据,本试验采用田间15N示踪方法,对巨峰葡萄进行了3个时期土施15N尿素处理。结果表明:各时期植株不同器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(15N丰度Ndff)有明显差异。萌芽期施肥处理的新梢及果实的Ndff极显著高于多年生器官和根;膨大期处理各器官Ndff均有所增长;成熟期处理的果实Ndff仅为上一时期的37.6%,而多年生器官和根的Ndff却均比上一时期高两倍多。萌芽期处理植株吸收的15N 54.8%分配到叶片中,果实中仅占3.6%;膨大期处理,果实中的15N分配率达到26%,而分配到叶片中的15N量降为38%。不同时期植株各器官的15N利用率与分配率呈现相同的趋势。自萌芽期到叶片衰老期,植株对15N尿素的当季利用率呈升高趋势,果实成熟期处理的最高。巨峰葡萄每形成1000 kg果实需要吸收氮素3.76 kg;氮素在树体各器官中的分布为果实 叶片 根 当年生枝主干多年生枝;果实膨大期至果实成熟期为氮素的最大需求期和最大效率期,因此在生产上氮肥施用时期建议适当后移。

     

    Abstract: In order to study the absorption, distribution and utilization of Nitrogen in Kyoho grape, and to provide the theory basis for rational fertilizer application, the impacts of urea fertilization on Kyoho grape were evaluated at three different developmental stages using the 15N-urea tracer method. It is found that the absorbed ratios of the 15N from the fertilizer to total N (Ndff) in different organs are different under the 15N fertilizing treatments at different stages. The Ndffs in the green shoots and fruits are significantly higher than those of the perennial organs and roots at the budding stage, and the Ndffs in all the tested organs are increased at the swollen stage. Comparatively, The Ndff of the ripened fruits is low, which is only 37.6% of the Ndff in fruits at the swollen stage, while the Ndffs of the mature perennial organs and roots are twice-higher than those at swollen stage. As to distribution of nitrogen, 54.8% of 15N absorbed in the plants is distributed to the leaves, while only 3.6% is assigned to the fruits at the budding stage. The distribution rate of 15N in the fruits is 26% while it is 38% in leaves at the swollen stage. In general, the 15N utilization and distribution in different organs show the same trends at different stages. The utilization of 15N-urea in grapes is increased from the budding and reached the maximum in ripened fruits. Kyoho grape trees absorb 3.76-kg N to produce 1000-kg fruits. In descending order, the nitrogen distribution in the organs is: fruits leaves roots annual shoots stems perennial shoots. Besides, the highest demand and most efficiency utilization of nitrogen are from the fruit swollen stage to fruit mature stage, which suggests that the application of fertilizer in practical production should be appropriately delayed.

     

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