Abstract: Absorption characteristics of Ca and SiO2 and transpiration rate under mulching cultivation of upland rice were studied by using P88s/1128 as material and with different water managements as treatment. The result shows that the mulching has a significant effect on yield but not on yield component. The absorption amount of calcium in panicle is 1.58 kg/ha under the mulching and moist treatment which is significantly higher than that of the irrigation treatment. The cultivation mode and water management have some influence on the accumulation of SiO2 and Ca at the late stage, and the interaction of these two processing factors is significant. The corrrelation between the SiO2 quantity of panicle absorbed and transpiration rate is significant(r=0.8561*, P=0.0066). Mulching and irrigation at the later stages has promoting effects for transpiration rate which is beneficial for absorbing nutrition and carbohydrate translation from stem to panicle. But it would easy to lodging if the transpiration rate so high that carbohydrate in the stems exports excessively.