• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马忠明, 杜少平, 薛亮. 磷钾配施对旱砂田西瓜产量、品质及养分利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(3): 687-695. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0321
引用本文: 马忠明, 杜少平, 薛亮. 磷钾配施对旱砂田西瓜产量、品质及养分利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(3): 687-695. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0321
MA Zhong-ming, DU Shao-ping, XUE Liang. Effects of combined application of P and K on the yield,quality and nutrient utilization of watermelon in gravel-mulched field[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2014, 20(3): 687-695. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0321
Citation: MA Zhong-ming, DU Shao-ping, XUE Liang. Effects of combined application of P and K on the yield,quality and nutrient utilization of watermelon in gravel-mulched field[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2014, 20(3): 687-695. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0321

磷钾配施对旱砂田西瓜产量、品质及养分利用率的影响

Effects of combined application of P and K on the yield,quality and nutrient utilization of watermelon in gravel-mulched field

  • 摘要: 为了探明旱砂田西瓜产量、 品质及养分利用率同步提高的最佳氮磷钾施用量和配比,制定合理的栽培措施,本试验以中晚熟西瓜品种陇抗九号为试材,在砂田西瓜氮肥施用量为200 kg/hm2的基础上,设置了3个施钾水平(0、 130、 260 kg/hm2)和4个施磷水平(0、 90、 130、 170 kg/hm2),研究了磷、 钾肥配施对西瓜产量、 品质和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,西瓜产量和品质均随施磷量和施钾量的增加而提高,其中P170处理的西瓜单瓜重和产量较P0分别显著提高了13.75%和43.79%; 西瓜平均含糖量、 Vc和蛋白质含量较P0分别显著提高了13.75%、 9.48%和11.90%; K260处理的西瓜单瓜重和产量较K0分别显著提高了9.22%和7.54%; 西瓜平均含糖量和硝酸盐含量较K0分别显著提高了5.86%和11.24%。磷钾肥配施对西瓜光合、 产量及养分吸收利用的互作效应显著,且均表现出在低钾条件下,各指标随施磷量的增加先增加后趋于稳定或降低; 高钾条件下,则随施磷量的增加而增加,并以磷肥效应较大,钾肥次之,在磷、 钾配施的所有处理中,K260P170处理的西瓜光合速率、 产量和养分利用率均最高。本试验在施用氮肥200 kg/hm2条件下,砂田西瓜的磷、 钾最优施肥量分别为170 kg/hm2和260 kg/hm2,相应的N、 P2O5、 K2O比例为1∶0.85∶1.3。

     

    Abstract: On the base of applying nitrogen 200 kg/ha, a field experiment with three potassium rates (0, 130, 260 kg/ha) and four phosphorus rates (0, 90, 130, 170 kg/ha) was conducted to study the effects of combined application of P and K on the yield, quality and nutrient utilization efficiency of watermelon in Gravelmulched field. A late mature watermelon cultivar, Longkang 9, was used as material. The results show that the yield and quality of watermelon increase with the increase of P and K application rates. With P170 treatment, the single fruit weight and yield of watermelon increase by 13.75% and 43.79% respectively, and the average sugar, Vc and protein contents by 13.75%, 9.48% and 11.90% compared with P0. With the K260 treatment, the single fruit weight, yield of watermelon increase by 9.22% and 7.54%, and the average sugar, nitrate contents increase by 5.86% and 11.24% compared with K0. Significant positive interactive effect of P and K exists in the photosynthesis, yield and nutrient utilization efficiencies. Under low potassium rates, all the tested parameters keep increasing within a certain range of P application rate, while under high potassium levels, with the increase of phosphorus application rate, better effects are obtained with individual P application than individual K application. The highest photosynthetic rate, yield and nutrient utilization efficiency were achieved with K260P170 treatment. Therefore, the optimum fertilizer application rates were P2O5 170 kg/ha and K2O 260 kg/ha at the base of applying N 200 kg/ha, hence, the most suitable ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O is 1∶0.85∶1.3 for good yield and quality of watermelon in this soil condition.

     

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