• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘梅, 郑青松, 刘兆普, 郭世伟. 盐胁迫下氮素形态对油菜和水稻幼苗离子运输和分布的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 181-189. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0120
引用本文: 刘梅, 郑青松, 刘兆普, 郭世伟. 盐胁迫下氮素形态对油菜和水稻幼苗离子运输和分布的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 181-189. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0120
LIU Mei, ZHENG Qing-song, LIU Zhao-pu, GUO Shi-wei. Effects of nitrogen forms on transport and accumulation of ions in canola (B. napus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline stress[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(1): 181-189. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0120
Citation: LIU Mei, ZHENG Qing-song, LIU Zhao-pu, GUO Shi-wei. Effects of nitrogen forms on transport and accumulation of ions in canola (B. napus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline stress[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(1): 181-189. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0120

盐胁迫下氮素形态对油菜和水稻幼苗离子运输和分布的影响

Effects of nitrogen forms on transport and accumulation of ions in canola (B. napus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline stress

  • 摘要: 【目的】土壤盐碱化是制约农作物产量的主要因素之一,盐胁迫影响养分运输和分布,造成植物营养失衡,导致作物发育迟缓,植株矮小,严重威胁着我国的粮食生产。在必需营养元素中,氮素是需求量最大的元素,NO-3和NH+4是植物吸收氮素的两种离子形态。植物对盐胁迫的响应受到不同形态氮素的调控,研究不同形态氮素营养下植物的耐盐机制对提高植物耐盐性及产量具有重要的意义。【方法】本文以喜硝植物油菜(Brassica napus L.)和喜铵植物水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为试验材料,采用室内营养液培养方法,研究了NO-3和NH+4对NaCl胁迫下油菜及水稻苗期生长状况、对Na+运输和积累的影响,以对照与盐胁迫植株生物量之差与Na+积累量之差的比值,评估Na+对植株的伤害程度。【结果】1)在非盐胁迫条件下,硝态氮营养显著促进油菜和水稻根系的生长;盐胁迫条件下,油菜和水稻生物量均显著受到抑制,NaCl对供应铵态氮营养植株的抑制更为显著。2)盐胁迫条件下,两种供氮形态下,油菜和水稻植株Na+含量均显著增加,硝态氮营养油菜叶柄Na+显著高于铵态氮营养,叶柄Na+含量/叶片Na+含量大于铵营养油菜,硝态氮营养水稻根系Na+含量显著低于铵营养,地上部则相反。3)铵营养油菜和水稻Na+伤害度显著高于硝营养植株。4)盐胁迫条件下,硝态氮营养油菜地上部和水稻根系K+含量均显著高于铵态氮营养。5)盐胁迫条件下,硝营养油菜和水稻木质部Na+浓度,韧皮部Na+和K+浓度及水稻木质部K+浓度均高于铵营养植株。【结论】与铵营养相比,硝营养油菜和水稻具有更好的耐盐性。硝态氮处理油菜叶柄Na+显著高于铵态氮处理,能够截留Na+向叶片运输。同时,供应硝态氮营养更有利于油菜和水稻吸收K+,有助于维持植物体内离子平衡。盐胁迫下,硝营养油菜和水稻木质部Na+浓度,韧皮部Na+和K+浓度及水稻木质部K+浓度均高于铵营养植株,表明硝态氮营养油菜和水稻木质部-韧皮部对离子有较好的调控能力,是其耐盐性高于铵营养的原因之一。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Soil salinization is one of the main factors restricting crop yields, salt stress adversely impacts nutrient transport and distribution, resulting in nutrition imbalance and tunted plants, seriously threatens the countrys food production. Nitrogen is the largestdemand element for plant growth, NO-3 and NH+4 are the two nitrogen ionic forms plants absorberd.The study of ammonium and nitrate influences on plant growing and salt tolerance under salt stress is of great significance for improving plant salt tolerance and yield. 【Methods】 Canola (Brassica napus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were used as experimental material, and hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of NO-3 and NH+4 and salt stress on canola and rice seedlings growth, Na+ accumulation in different organs, Na+ concentration in xylem sap and phloem exudates. 【Results】 1)Root growths of canola and rice were significantly promoted by nitrate nutrition under non-stressed conditions. Biomasses of canola and rice were significantly decreased under salt stress, and the decrease supplied with ammonium was significantly larger when than with nitrate. 2)Na+ contents in canola and rice seedlings were markedly increased under nutrition supply with both nitrate and ammonium nutrition under salt stress. In canola, the Na+ content in petiole of plants was significantly higher when supplied with nitrate than with ammonium nutrition, the Na+petiole/ Na+blade of canola seedlings was greaterwhen supplied with nitrate than with ammonium. In rice, the Na+ content in the roots of plants supplied with nitrate was significantly lower than that with ammonium nutrition, whereas the opposite trend was found in the shoots. 3)Na+ injury efficiency of canola and rice seedlings supplied with nitrate was greater than that with ammonium nutrition. 4)The K+ absorption capacity ofNO-3-N +NaCl in canola shoot and rice root was greater than those with ammonium nutrition. 5)Na+ concentration in xylem sap, Na+ and K+ concentration in phloem exudates of canola and rice seedlings supplied with nitrate were significantly higher than that with ammonium nutrition under salt stress. 【Conclusions】Compared with ammonium nutrition, canola and rice seedlings supplied with nitrate nutrition has higher salt tolerance. In canola, the Na+ content in petiole of plants supplied with nitrate is significantly higher than that with ammonium nutrition, indicating that the petiole of canola seedlings fed with nitrate plays greater role in retention Na+ than that did with ammonium. Nitrate nutrition is more conducive to absorb K+, helps plants to maintain the ion homeostasis. Canola and rice seedlings supplied with nitrate nutrition has stronger ability of ion regulatory in xylem-phloem, which is one of the reasons of higher salt tolerance than the ammonium salt nutrition.

     

/

返回文章
返回