• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
朱佩, 张继光, 薛琳, 季学军, 王传义, 程森, 段苏珍, 任夏, 张忠锋. 不同质地土壤上烤烟氮素积累、分配及利用率的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 362-370. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0210
引用本文: 朱佩, 张继光, 薛琳, 季学军, 王传义, 程森, 段苏珍, 任夏, 张忠锋. 不同质地土壤上烤烟氮素积累、分配及利用率的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 362-370. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0210
ZHU Pei, ZHANG Ji-guang, XUE Lin, JI Xue-jun, WANG Chuan-yi, CHENG Seng, DUAN Su-zhen, REN Xia, ZHANG Zhong-feng. Nitrogen accumulation, distribution and use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco under different soil texture[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2): 362-370. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0210
Citation: ZHU Pei, ZHANG Ji-guang, XUE Lin, JI Xue-jun, WANG Chuan-yi, CHENG Seng, DUAN Su-zhen, REN Xia, ZHANG Zhong-feng. Nitrogen accumulation, distribution and use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco under different soil texture[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2): 362-370. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0210

不同质地土壤上烤烟氮素积累、分配及利用率的研究

Nitrogen accumulation, distribution and use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco under different soil texture

  • 摘要: 【目的】土壤质地能概括反映土壤内在的肥力特征,对土壤养分供应具有调控作用,是影响农田中土壤氮素供应和氮肥利用的重要因素。本试验通过在皖南烟区3种质地(壤土、黏壤、砂壤)土壤上施用等量氮肥来研究其对烤烟不同生育期的氮素吸收、积累及利用特征的影响,旨在为烟田土壤改良及烤烟合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】在皖南烟区现代农业科技园的典型壤土、黏壤和砂壤土上分别建立田间试验,采用15N田间微区试验和室内分析相结合的研究方法,在烤烟的团棵期(移栽后38 d)、现蕾期(移栽后53 d)、平顶期(移栽后64d)和成熟期(移栽后103 d),采集长势一致的烟株样品,测定烟株各部位的生物量,并采用凯氏定氮法检测其全氮含量,采用ZHT-O2型同位素质谱仪测定其15N丰度。【结果】皖南烟区壤土和黏壤土上烤烟总氮和肥料氮积累均随生育期呈单峰变化,在烤烟平顶期达最大,总氮积累量分别为4.25 g/plant和3.96 g/plant,肥料氮积累量分别为2.34 g/plant和2.54 g/plant,而砂壤土上烤烟到成熟期其总氮和肥料氮的积累量达到最大,分别是5.64 g/plant和2.73 g/plant,均显著高于同时期的壤土和黏壤;壤土、黏壤和砂壤土上烤烟均以叶部肥料氮占总氮比例及氮素分配率较高,茎部次之,根部最低;不同质地土壤上烤烟氮肥利用率与肥料氮的积累动态具有一致的变化趋势,其中壤土和黏壤在平顶期最大,分别为34.5%和40.7%,之后壤土利用率缓慢下降,黏壤下降幅度较大,而砂壤土上烤烟氮肥利用率在生育期内呈上升趋势,至成熟期最大,为43.7%。【结论】不同质地土壤上烟株对氮素的吸收利用顺序为砂壤壤土黏壤,黏壤土在烤烟生育期内供氮能力较弱,应合理调控土壤氮的矿化及增加肥料氮的供应;砂壤土氮肥利用率较高,应严格控制氮肥的施用量。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Soil texture generally reflects inherent soil fertility, affectes soil nutrient supply, especially soil nitrogen supply and nitrogen fertilizer utilization in farmlands. In this study, the nitrogen absorption, accumulation and utilization of flue-cured tobacco in different soil texture in south Anhui were studied to provide a scientific basis for localrational fertilization in flue-cured tobacco. 【Methods】 A field experiment was established in loam, clay loam and sandy loam soils in the modern agricultural science park of south Anhui tobacco planting area. The15N field trials combined with laboratory analysis were conducted in this study. The biomass amounts of different parts of flue-cured tobacco were measured after blenching and drying of these samples, which were taken from the field trial with the similar growing trend at the rosette stage (38 days after the transplanting), budding stage (53 days after the transplanting), topping stage (64 days after the transplanting) and maturity stage (103 days after the transplanting) of flue-cured tobacco. The total nitrogen contents of different parts of flue-cured tobacco were measured by the kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, and the abundances of15N were measured by ZHT-O2 mass spectrometer. 【Results】 The total nitrogen contents and fertilizer nitrogen accumulation amounts of tobacco in loam soil and clay loam soil both exhibit a single peak pattern during the growing season, and reach their maximum values at the topping stage, with the total nitrogen 4.25 g/plant and 3.96 g/plant, and the fertilizer nitrogen 2.34 g/plant and 2.54 g/plant, respectively. The total nitrogen content and fertilizer nitrogen accumulation amount of tobacco in sandy loam soil reach their maximum values at the maturity stage, with the total nitrogen 5.64 g/plant and fertilizer nitrogen 2.73 g/plant which are significantly higher than those in loam soil and clay loam soil at the same stage. The ratios of fertilizer nitrogen to total nitrogen and the nitrogen distribution rates of tobacco in three soils are all highest in leaves, followed by stems, and lowest in roots. The change tendencies of nitrogen use efficiencies of tobacco at different developmental stages are similar to those of the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation in the three soils. The maximum values of nitrogen use efficiencies in loam soil and clay loam soil are observed at the topping stage and are 34.5% and 40.7% respectively. And then, the values decrease gradually in loam soil and rapidly in clay loam soil with the developmental stage. The nitrogen utilization efficiency of tobacco in sandy loam soil increases with the developmental stage and reaches the maximum value of 43.7% at the maturity stage. 【Conclusions】 The order of nitrogen absorption and utilization of tobacco in different soils is sandy loam loam clay loam. Due to its weak nitrogen supply capacity, nitrogen mineralization in clay loam soil should be promoted and more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied for growing tobacco. While, less nitrogen fertilizer should be used in sandy loam soil because of its higher nitrogen utilization efficiency.

     

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