• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
孙聪伟, 褚凤杰, 杨丽丽, 陈展, 姜远茂. 施氮量对嘎啦幼苗15N、13C分配利用特性影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 431-438. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0218
引用本文: 孙聪伟, 褚凤杰, 杨丽丽, 陈展, 姜远茂. 施氮量对嘎啦幼苗15N、13C分配利用特性影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 431-438. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0218
SUN Cong-wei, CHU Feng-jie, YANG Li-li, CHEN Zhan, JIANG Yuan-mao. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on characteristics of distributionand utilization of 15N and13C of Gala seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2): 431-438. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0218
Citation: SUN Cong-wei, CHU Feng-jie, YANG Li-li, CHEN Zhan, JIANG Yuan-mao. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on characteristics of distributionand utilization of 15N and13C of Gala seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2): 431-438. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0218

施氮量对嘎啦幼苗15N、13C分配利用特性影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on characteristics of distributionand utilization of 15N and13C of Gala seedlings

  • 摘要: 【目的】采用15N、13C同位素示踪技术,通过对不同施氮量下嘎啦幼苗生长状况及氮、碳分配、利用特性等的研究,以期为苹果生产合理施肥提供依据。【方法】将2年生盆栽嘎啦幼苗进行低、中、高三个氮水平处理,同时进行15N标记。在新梢旺长初始期、新梢旺长期、新梢缓长期分别进行整株13C标记,72小时后,整株解析为叶、梢、根三部分,进行15N、13C测定。样品全氮用凯氏定氮法测定,15N丰度用ZHT-03质谱计测定。13C丰度用DELTA V Advantage同位素比率质谱仪测定。【结果】1)中、高氮水平的施肥处理可在不同程度上提高整株及叶片干物质量和新梢长度。新梢旺长初始期和新梢缓长期嘎啦幼苗整株干物质量、新梢旺长期叶片干物质分配比率在中、 高氮水平处理间差异不显著,中氮水平经济有效。新梢旺长期以后新梢长度以中氮高氮低氮,三者间差异性显著,中氮处理有利于新梢生长。2)在新梢旺长初始期,低氮处理植株叶片15N分配率达50%,比其他处理高出13个百分点左右,表明低氮处理更多的氮被叶片所利用,中氮和高氮处理间差异不显著,说明在本试验施氮条件下中氮供应水平已能满足氮素营养需求。3)新梢旺长期和新梢缓长期幼苗13C固定量均以中氮处理最高,新梢旺长初始期3个处理间根系13C分配率中氮高氮低氮,表明中氮处理有利于碳同化物在嘎啦幼苗中的分配。4)不同施氮量处理的嘎啦幼苗,15N利用率随施氮水平提高而降低,高氮处理对碳同化物分配没有显著贡献。【结论】低、中、高氮不同处理新梢缓长期碳同化物在各器官间的分配比较均衡,氮素水平不能影响碳同化物的分配。盆栽试验表明,中氮水平在保证营养供应的同时,能够促进新梢生长和树势健壮。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Nitrogen fertilizer has stimulative effect on fruit tree growth, but the effect is different. Studying the allocation of nitrogen nutrition and photosynthetic products has important significance on guiding rational use of nitrogen fertilizer. This experiment studied characteristics of distribution and utilization of15N and13C in potted Gala seedlings under different nitrogen levels in order to provide the basis for rational fertilization.【Methods】 Two-year Gala(Malus domesticca)/Malus robusta(Malus micromalus Makino) seedlings were treated with three nitrogen levels: low, middle and high nitrogen, and 0.3 g(15NH2)2CO was used evenly as a marker. The13CO2 was used as a gas marker at the early vigorous growing period, vigorous growing period and slow growth period of shoots. After 72 hours, the whole plants were divided into leaves, shoots and roots for analysis. The total nitrogen content was detected by the micro-kjeldahl method. The15N abundance was detected by ZHT-03 mass spectrometer. The13C abundance was detected by DELTA V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer. 【Results】 The middle and high nitrogen levels improve the dry matter accumulation of leaves, stems and the whole plant in different degrees. There are no significant differences in plant dry biomasses between the middle and high nitrogen treatments at the early vigorous growing period and slow growth period of shoots, nor the dry biomass of leaves between the middle and high nitrogen treatments at the vigorous growing period. After the vigorous growing period, the shoot lengths are in order of middle highlow N treament, and the differences among them are quite remarkable. The middle nitrogen level is beneficial to shoot growth. Under low nitrogen treatment in early vigorous growing period, as high as 50% of the15N is distributed in leaves, which is 13 percentage points higher than those of the middle and high N treatments, indicating the less transform of nitrogen from leaves to other organs in low nitrogen treatment. The ratios of the15N distributed in leaves are not statistically significant between the middle and high N treatments, so the middle nitrogen supply can meet the demand of plant to nitrogen in this study. The13C assimilation capacity of the middle nitrogen treatment is the highest at the vigorous growing period and slow growth period of shoots. The order of the13C distribution ratios in roots under different N levels is middlehigh low at the early vigorous growing period, which shows that the middle level of nitrogen treatment is beneficial to carbon assimilate distribution. The15N utilization rates decrease with the nitrogen level increase, and the high nitrogen treatment does not significantly affect the distribution of assimilated carbon.【Conclusions】 Different nitrogen levels have no obviously impact on the distribution of assimilated carbon. The middle level of nitrogen fertilization can satisfy the N nutrition requirement, and benefit shoots growth and tree vigour.

     

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