• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
解文艳, 周怀平, 杨振兴, 路慧英, 关春林, 武文丽. 秸秆还田方式对褐土钾素平衡与钾库容量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(4): 936-942. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0412
引用本文: 解文艳, 周怀平, 杨振兴, 路慧英, 关春林, 武文丽. 秸秆还田方式对褐土钾素平衡与钾库容量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(4): 936-942. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0412
XIE Wen-yan, ZHOU Huai-ping, YANG Zhen-xing, LU Hui-ying, GUAN Chun-lin, WU Wen-li. Effect of different straw return modes on potassium balance
and potassium pool in cinnamon soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(4): 936-942. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0412
Citation: XIE Wen-yan, ZHOU Huai-ping, YANG Zhen-xing, LU Hui-ying, GUAN Chun-lin, WU Wen-li. Effect of different straw return modes on potassium balance
and potassium pool in cinnamon soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(4): 936-942. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0412

秸秆还田方式对褐土钾素平衡与钾库容量的影响

Effect of different straw return modes on potassium balance
and potassium pool in cinnamon soil

  • 摘要: 【目的】在春玉米为主的山西省进行定位试验,探明不同秸秆还田方式对大田作物产量和耕层土壤钾素状况的影响。【方法】春玉米长期定位试验于1992~2011年在典型褐土上进行。试验设秸秆不还田(CK) 、秸秆覆盖还田(SM) 、秸秆粉碎后还田(SC)、过腹还田(CM)四种方式。秸秆还田量为6 t/hm2,过腹产生的湿牛粪施用量为45 t/hm2。每年玉米收获期采取植物样品,用于玉米植株茎叶和籽粒钾素含量的测定;采集0—20 cm土壤样品,用于土壤各分级形态钾的测定。2011年分析测定了0—20 cm、20—40 cm、40—60 cm、60—80 cm和80—100 cm土层速效钾、缓效钾及全钾含量。【结果】1)在施用氮磷肥的基础上,不同秸秆还田方式增产显著,玉米增产幅度为11.58%~20.91%。处理之间增产幅度表现为CMSMSCCK。2)秸秆还田处理较不还田处理可不同程度提高耕层土壤水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾、特殊吸附钾、非交换性钾、矿物钾及全钾的含量。矿物钾在全钾中的比例降低。3)与定位开始相比,连续10年秸秆还田土壤的速效钾含量明显提高,不还田对照则逐渐下降。4)不同秸秆还田方式各处理作物吸钾量明显高于施钾量,致使土壤钾素逐渐耗竭,土壤供钾能力降低;SM、SC、CM处理的钾素表观平衡系数分别为0.45、0.56、0.74。与对照相比,秸秆还田依然有利于钾素养分的收支平衡,减轻作物对土壤钾素的消耗,缓解土壤钾素肥力下降的程度。【结论】在几种秸秆还田中,以秸秆过腹还田(CM)最有利于钾素的收支平衡,减轻作物对土壤钾素的消耗,缓解土壤钾素肥力下降程度,进而维持土壤钾素肥力的稳定。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】A long-term location experiment was conducted in the main growing area of spring maize in Shanxi Province, northern China, to study the effective modes of straw returns with high yield and potassium balance.【Methods】 The long-term experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2011 in typical cinnamon soil with spring maize as tested crop. Four treatments were included, no straw return (CK),direct straw mulching (SM), pulverized straw mulching (SC) and straw return after livestock digestion (cattle manure, CM). Straw was returned 6 t/hm2, and the wet cattle manure amount were 45 t/hm2. The 0-20 cm soil sampleswere collected every year after harvest and the potassium contents of different fractions were analyzed. In 2011, the soil K contents in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil samples were collected and the K contents were analyzed.【Results】 1) Compared with no straw return, all the three straw treatments significantly increased the crop yield by 11.58%-20.91%, and the yield increments follow the sequence of CMSMSCCK. 2) The contents of available potassium, slowly available potassium and total potassium in straw return treatments were higher than control, and the proportion of mineral potassium in these treatments became lowered and other fractions raised. 3) Compared with the beginning of the experiment, soil available potassium content was significantly raised in long-term straw return treatments (SM, SC and CM), whereas that gradually decreased in control. 4) Straw return stimulate the apparent potassium absorption, leading to a gradual depletion of soil potassium, with apparent potassium equilibrium coefficients in the straw return treatments were 0.45,0.56 and 0.74,respectively; but for all of that, the straw return practice still helped sustain soil potassium balance and alleviate the depletion of soil potassium pool, and maintain a stable soil potassium supply, compared with control. 【Conclusions】 Straw return to land after livestock digestion (cattle manure, CM) can sustain soil potassium balance, restore soil potassium after consumption by crops, alleviate the depletion of soil potassium pool, and maintain a stable soil potassium supply.

     

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