• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李晶, 姜远茂, 魏靖, 崔艳秋, 魏绍冲, 任怡华, . 不同氮水平下不同中间砧苹果幼树的生长及氮吸收、利用、分配特性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(4): 1088-1094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0430
引用本文: 李晶, 姜远茂, 魏靖, 崔艳秋, 魏绍冲, 任怡华, . 不同氮水平下不同中间砧苹果幼树的生长及氮吸收、利用、分配特性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(4): 1088-1094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0430
LI Jing, JIANG Yuan-mao, WEI Jing, CUI Yan-qiu, WEI Shao-chong, REN Yi-hua,
PENG Ling, JI Meng-meng, XU Hai-gang. Effects of different N rates on growth and absorption, allocation
and utilization of urea-15N of young apple trees with different interstocks[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(4): 1088-1094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0430
Citation: LI Jing, JIANG Yuan-mao, WEI Jing, CUI Yan-qiu, WEI Shao-chong, REN Yi-hua,
PENG Ling, JI Meng-meng, XU Hai-gang. Effects of different N rates on growth and absorption, allocation
and utilization of urea-15N of young apple trees with different interstocks[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(4): 1088-1094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0430

不同氮水平下不同中间砧苹果幼树的生长及氮吸收、利用、分配特性

Effects of different N rates on growth and absorption, allocation
and utilization of urea-15N of young apple trees with different interstocks

  • 摘要: 【目的】苹果矮砧密植栽培是苹果产业发展的方向,目前我国矮化苹果栽培仍套用乔砧苹果管理技术,偏施氮肥,施肥不足和超量并存,易造成矮砧苹果树体早衰或过旺生长。因此急需研究不同类型中间砧苹果在不同施氮量下树体生长及氮素吸收、利用、分配规律,为苹果矮化中间砧高产高效栽培配套技术提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽方法,以1年生宫藤富士不同中间砧(SH28、SH38、CG24)幼树为试材,利用稳定性同位素15N标记技术研究了不施氮肥(N0)、适宜施氮肥(N100)和过量施氮肥(N200)三个氮素水平下幼树的生长差异及氮吸收、利用和分配特性。【结果】不同类型中间砧幼树在不同施氮水平下树体生物量和氮利用率差异显著,在不施氮肥(N0)、适宜施氮肥(N100)和过量施氮肥(N200)三个氮素水平下,矮化效果最弱的SH28中间砧幼树在高量氮时,树体生物量和15N利用率显著增加;矮化效果明显的SH38和CG24中间砧幼树在适宜供氮条件下生物量和15N利用率最大,高氮素供应反而不利于树体生长和15N利用率的提高。在不同供氮水平下,15N在不同类型中间砧各部位的分配差异显著。SH28中间砧在高氮量供应时,15N更多分配到地上部;CG24在不施氮肥和适宜施氮条件下更多15N分配到地上部,高量施氮条件下更多分配到根系;SH38在适宜施氮条件下15N较多地分配到根系,不施氮和高量施氮条件下更多的分配到地上部。【结论】中间砧品种、施氮水平及其交互作用均对树体生长和15N利用产生显著影响,其影响显著程度由高到低分别为中间砧品种>施氮水平>施氮水平和中间砧品种的交互作用。施氮水平和中间砧品种的交互作用对根冠比和氮分配的影响较施氮水平和中间砧品种更为显著。随着中间砧矮化程度的增强,氮对树体生长的促进作用减小,树体对氮的响应度和响应速率也相应减弱。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Efficient and intensive dwarf and dense planting are the popular trend of apple industry, however, the matching fertilization technology specific for different stocks and scions with different growth characteristics is absent in China. In efficient or over fertilization of nitrogen often leads to premature senescence and excessive vegetative growth, stunting the extension of the dwarf and dense planting tachnology. So there is urgent need to identify the relationship between the apple tree growth and the absorption, allocation and utilization of nitrogen. 【Methods】 Pot experiment was carried out and one-year old interstock apple trees, M. hupehensis Rehd.(Gongteng Fuji/SH28, Gongteng Fuji/SH38 and Gongteng Fuji/CG24) were used as materials. Three levels of15N stable isotopes: no nitrogen(N0), proper nitrogen(N100)and over-dose nitrogen(N200), were designed to test the growth and absorption, allocation and utilization of the stocks. 【Results】 There were significant differences in biomass and15N utilization rates of young apple trees among the N treatments. The highest biomass and15N utilization were obtained in the over-N input level(N200) for SH28 , which are less dwarfed, those were in proper N treatment(N100) for SH38 and CG24, which are fully dwarfed, and the negative effect in over-dose nitrogen treatment. Significant differences of15N distribution could be seen among different types of interstocks of apple trees under different N treatments. For less dwarfed SH28 , the15N was partitioned more to the aboveground part in over-N input treatment, for fully dwarfed SH38 , more15N was partitioned to aboveground part in no N and proper N input levels, and more to the roots in over N input treatment. For CG24, more15N was partitioned to roots in the proper N treatment, which is significantly higher than in no N and over N treatments. 【Conclusions】 All the interstock morphology, N input levels and their interaction significantly affects the growth and15N utilization of young apple trees. The effect degrees are found in order of interstock morphology>N application level>interaction of the two factors. The effects of interaction of interstock varieties and N levels on the root-shoot ratio and15N distribution are significantly higher than those of interstock varieties and N application levels. With the increase of the dwarfing potential, the promoting effect to the growth, the response rate and time of nitrogen are all decreased.

     

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